The moderating effect of age on the associations of cognitive and metacognitive beliefs with pediatric OCD symptoms

Rizvi, Myles; Smilansky, Hannah; Porth, Rachel; Myers, Nicholas S.; Geller, Daniel; Small, Brent J.; McGuire, Joseph F.; Wilhelm, Sabine; Storch, Eric A.

doi:10.1080/16506073.2020.1819866

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…For the TS groups that showed more OCS, the most likely reason was that with the persistence or the higher severity of tic symptoms, more OCS was developed. Higher levels of cognitive and metacognitive beliefs have been reported in adolescents with OCD than in children with OCD ( 34 ). Notably, OCS often appears 2 years after the onset of tic symptoms ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in Tic Disorders and the Psychometric Properties of Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale: An Evidence-Based Survey in a Chinese Sample

Yan

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectivePatients with tic disorders (TDs) usually also have obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The severity of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in TD is widely evaluated using the Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). However, there is no survey on the severity of OCSs in patients with TD based on a Chinese sample, and the reliability and validity of the CY-BOCS in patients with TD have not been well established in China. This study examined the severity of OCSs in TDs and the psychometric properties of the CY-BOCS in Chinese pediatric patients with TD.MethodsA total of 367 patients who were diagnosed with TD [152 with Tourette syndrome (TS)] were enrolled in the Department of Psychiatry at Beijing Children’s Hospital in China. The mean age of the patients was 9.21 ± 2.06 years (range: 5–16 years). The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and CY-BOCS were used as screening tools. The psychometric properties of the CY-BOCS were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest reliability, and construct validity.ResultsThe OCSs in TDs were 3.93 ± 5.15 based on the CY-BOCS in the whole sample. The older adolescent group showed higher scores than the young adolescent groups (Z = −3.37, p = 0.001). However, the young adolescent group showed a higher incidence rate of OCSs than the older adolescent group (p < 0.01). Men with TDs also showed a higher incidence rate of OCSs than women (p = 0.03). The reliability and validity analyses of the CY-BOCS showed Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability values of 0.81 and 0.82, respectively. The CY-BOCS showed an acceptable level in the two-factor structure (obsession and compulsive) in patients with TD. The comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.84 for TD, 0.86 for Tourette, 0.94 for the younger adolescent group, and 0.74 for the older adolescent group.ConclusionMore OCSs were identified in the TS group and the older adolescent group with TDs. The CY-BOCS showed good psychometric properties in children and adolescents with TD, especially in younger patients with TD. OCSs might be associated with age and functional impairment of TD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in Tic Disorders and the Psychometric Properties of Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale: An Evidence-Based Survey in a Chinese Sample

Yan

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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“…The similarities in the presentation of OCD between adults and children (Mataix‐Cols et al, 2008 ; McKay et al, 2006 ) have led to the suggestion that psychological interventions derived from a cognitive model would be appropriate for children and adolescents (Barrett et al, 2008 ). However, only a few studies have specifically tested the key assumptions of the cognitive model with children (Barrett & Healy, 2003 ; Crye et al, 2010 ; Farrell & Barrett, 2006 ; Reynolds & Reeves, 2008 ; Rizvi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different studies have analysed the presence of unhelpful beliefs about thoughts in clinical (Bacow et al, 2009 ; Coles et al, 2010 ; Libby et al, 2004 ) and non‐clinical (Cartwright‐Hatton et al, 2004 ; Muris et al, 2001 ) samples of children and adolescents. Those studies support the relevance of unhelpful OCD beliefs in children and adolescents; however, there is no consistency regarding the proposed role of these beliefs, nor if age mediates the relevance of these beliefs (Farrell & Barrett, 2006 ; Noorian et al, 2015 ; Reynolds & Reeves, 2008 ; Rizvi et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessional intrusive thoughts in children: An interview based study

2022

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Objectives:We aimed to investigate the experience of obsessional intrusive thoughts (OITs) in a sample of children aged 8 to 10 years old and to test the main tenets of the cognitive model of OCD. Specifically, we assessed: (1) the prevalence of OITs experienced by young children; (2) their frequency and content; (3) the emotions they evoke; (4) the reasons why they are upsetting; (5) how they are appraised ( 6) and what control strategies they use. Methods: Forty-nine children (28 girls, 21 boys; mean age 9.1 years) from the community completed two self-report questionnaires assessing anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Children were interviewed using the Children's Anxious Thoughts Interview, which assessed their experiences of OITs. Results: From the 49 participants, 71.43% reported having experienced at least one OIT. The most frequent contents related to harm and doubt. Of the total sample, 28.6% reported having experienced one OIT recently with at least moderate frequency; these participants reported higher anxiety and obsessive-compulsive interference, described feeling nervous and anxious when experiencing their OIT, and rated their OIT as highly important and distracting. The most frequently reported control strategies were cognitive -suppression, distraction and thought replacement. Conclusions: Almost two thirds of community children reported experiencing OITs. The findings from this study provide preliminary support for the application of the cognitive model of OCD in children. Subtle differences from previous research with adults are discussed.

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Cognitive Beliefs Across the Symptom Dimensions of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Type of Symptom Matters

et al. 2022

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The moderating effect of age on the associations of cognitive and metacognitive beliefs with pediatric OCD symptoms

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

The Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in Tic Disorders and the Psychometric Properties of Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale: An Evidence-Based Survey in a Chinese Sample

The Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in Tic Disorders and the Psychometric Properties of Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale: An Evidence-Based Survey in a Chinese Sample

Obsessional intrusive thoughts in children: An interview based study

Cognitive Beliefs Across the Symptom Dimensions of Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Type of Symptom Matters

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