The moderating effect of cognitive reserve on cognitive function in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Li, Fanfan; Kong, Xiang‐Jing; Zhu, Huanzhi; Xu, Hanzhang; Wu, Bei; Cao, Yan‐Pei; Li, Juan

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1011510

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In this case, when neuronal damage occurs, there are recruitment and activation of other brain networks to carry out these functions [ 41 ]. This ability to compensate for the damage caused is determined by experiences and static factors such as intelligence level, work achievements, or educational level [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Our results might be explained because most of the scientific literature has evaluated the relationship between these variables after evaluating the efficacy of rehabilitation programs in stroke participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Age, Gender and Education Level on Executive Functions and Functioning in People with Stroke

Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza

Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda

Serrada-Tejeda

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Background: Alterations in mental functions are among the most frequent manifestations of stroke that have a direct impact on the patient’s functionality. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of sociodemographic variables with the executive functions (EFs) of participants with right middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional observational case-control study was conducted at the State Center for Brain Damage in Madrid, Spain. Fifty-eight subjects were recruited and divided into two groups. Each participant was administered the following: the FIM+FAM Functional Assessment Measure, the Lawton and Brody scale, The Trail-Making Test, the Zoo Map Test and the Hanoi Tower. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were identified between participants with ischemic stroke and control in functional and EF functions, as well as between participants with hemorrhagic stroke and control. No statistically significant differences were found in the experimental group between subjects who had sustained ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. No significant associations were identified between the variables age, gender and education level in relation to functionality and executive functions (p > 0.05) in people with stroke. Conclusion: People who have suffered a right cerebral artery stroke have deficiencies in the EFS, resulting in poorer performance of the activity of daily living, compared to healthy subjects of the same age, gender and education level. In the correlational analysis of the stroke participants, no significant associations were identified between the variables gender, age and education level in relation to functionality and EF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Age, Gender and Education Level on Executive Functions and Functioning in People with Stroke

Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza

Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda

Serrada-Tejeda

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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“…These studies found that after a certain level of educational attainment, additional schooling does not contribute to further reductions in risk of cognitive impairment. 20,21 However, a recent systematic review 22 and 2 stroke studies 23,24 which examined the association of cognitive reserve and poststroke cognitive function did not report such an effect; further investigation is therefore warranted. The idea that cognitive reserve, operationalized as level of education, could delay the expression of the clinical manifestation of brain pathology has been discussed in the context of Alzheimer disease and could be extended to patients with stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term Trajectories of Poststroke Cognitive Function

Crawford

Desmond³

et al. 2023

Neurology

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Background and ObjectivesPast studies on post-stroke cognitive function have focused on the average performance or change over time, but few have investigated patterns of cognitive trajectories after stroke. This project used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify clusters of patients with similar patterns of cognition scores over the first-year post-stroke and the extent to which long-term cognitive outcome is predicted by the clusters (“trajectory groups”).MethodsData were sought from the Stroke and Cognition consortium (STROKOG). LCGA was used to identify clusters of trajectories based on standardized global cognition scores at baseline (T1) and at the 1-year follow-up (T2). One-step IPD meta-analysis was used to examine risk factors for trajectory groups and association of trajectory groups with cognition at the long-term follow-up (T3).ResultsNine hospital-based stroke cohorts with 1149 patients (63% male; mean age 66.4 years (SD=11.0)) were included. The median time assessed at T1was 3.6 months post-stroke, 1.0 year at T2and 3.2 years at T3. LCGA identified 3 trajectory groups, which were characterized by different mean levels of cognition scores at T1(low-, -3.27SD (0.94), 17%; medium-, -1.23SD (0.68), 48%; and high-performance, 0.71SD (0.77), 35%). There was significant improvement in cognition for the high-performance group (0.22 SD/year, 95% CI 0.07, 0.36), but changes for the low and medium performance groups were not significant (-0.10 SD/year, 95% CI -0.33, 0.13; 0.11 SD/year, 95% CI -0.08, 0.24 respectively). Factors associated with the low- (versus high-) performance group include age (relative risk ratio [RRR] 1.18, 95% CI 1.14, 1.23), years of education (RRR 0.61, 95% CI 0.56, 0.67), diabetes (RRR 3.78, 95% CI 2.08, 6.88), large artery versus small vessel strokes (RRR 2.77, 95% CI 1.32, 5.83), and moderate/severe strokes (RRR 3.17, 95% 1.42, 7.08). Trajectory groups were predictive of global cognition at T3, but its predictive power was comparable to scores at T1.ConclusionThe trajectory of cognitive function over the first-year post-stroke is heterogenous. Baseline cognitive function ∼3.6 months post-stroke is a good predictor of long-term cognitive outcome. Older age, lower levels of education, diabetes, large artery strokes, and greater stroke severity are risk factors for lower cognitive performance over the first year.

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“…It also found that a higher level of education or occupation was associated with a faster recovery. Additionally, a recent study done in 2022 showed that patients with a higher level of CR had better cognitive function after experiencing an acute ischemic stroke ( Li et al, 2022 ). These findings suggest a protective effect with higher CR.…”

Section: Cognitive Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors and predictive markers of post-stroke cognitive decline–A mini review

Guo,

Phan,

Batarseh

et al. 2024

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Stroke is one of the top causes of death and disability worldwide. Cognitive impairments are found in more than 70% of individuals who have survived a stroke. Cognitive decline is a major contributor to disability, dependency, and morbidity. The prevalence and severity of dementia vary depending on different characteristics of the stroke and other clinical risk factors. Here we discuss the effects of stroke territory, patients’ age, sex, cerebral blood flow, acute reperfusion therapy, and cognitive reserve of post-stroke cognitive decline. Potential predictive molecular and genetic biomarkers of post-stroke cognitive impairments are also discussed.

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The moderating effect of cognitive reserve on cognitive function in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Influence of Age, Gender and Education Level on Executive Functions and Functioning in People with Stroke

Influence of Age, Gender and Education Level on Executive Functions and Functioning in People with Stroke

Short-term Trajectories of Poststroke Cognitive Function

Risk factors and predictive markers of post-stroke cognitive decline–A mini review

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