“…So far research on crowding mainly focused on retail and shopping (Li, Kim, & Lee, 2009), festivals (Kim, Lee, & Sirgy, 2016), urban areas (Popp, 2012;Sun & Budruk, 2015), and tourism sites (Jin & Pearce, 2011). The research reveals mixed results on the effects of crowding on behavioral outcomes (Kim, Cha, Knutson, & Beck, 2011;Li et al, 2009).…”