The moderating effect of self-efficacy between social constraints, social isolation, family environment, and depressive symptoms among breast cancer patients in China: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: For female breast cancer patients, the psychological status after surgery, especially the social and family psychological related factors, deserves more attention. This study analyzed the in uence of social constrain, social support, social isolation, family con ict, family emotion expression on depression. At the same time, this study conducted the relationship between the variables and the mechanism of action.Methods: 522 breast cancer patients nished questionnaires consisting of Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), General Self-E cacy Scale (GSES), Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Social Constraints Scale-5(SCS-5), Family Environment Scale(FES), and Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6). Multivariable Logical Regression was used to explore in uencing factors. Pearson's Correlation, Hierarchical Regression and Simple Slope Analysis were conducted to verify the role of selfe cacy.Results: 71.6% of patients had depressive symptoms. Family contradiction (OR=10.086), social constrain (OR=2.522), social isolation (OR=2.507), and high blood glucose (OR=2.156) were risk factors of depressive symptoms. Family emotional expression (OR=0.480), family intimacy (OR=0.235), and selfe cacy (OR=0.246) were protective factors against depressive symptoms. The interactive items interpretation quantity was as follows: Contradiction*Self-e cacy (ΔR 2 =2.3%, P<0.001), Emotional expression*Self-e cacy (ΔR 2 =2.6%, P<0.001), Intimacy*Self-e cacy (ΔR 2 =1.0%, P=0.018), Social constrain*Self-e cacy (ΔR 2 =1.0%, P=0.008), Social networks*Self-e cacy (ΔR 2 =1.0%, P=0.010), Blood Glucose*Self-e cacy (ΔR 2 =0.6%, P=0.023). The in uence of independent variables on depressive symptoms were gradually decreased in the low, mean and high groups of self-e cacy.Conclusion: Postoperative Chinese breast cancer survivors reported higher depressive symptoms. Social, family, and physiological factors can affect depressive symptoms, in which self-factor played moderator roles.

The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, and Social Environment on Entrepreneurial Interest With Self-Efficacy as a Mediating Variable

“…Furthermore, the Second Hypothesis is known that the Social Environment variable has a significant positive effect on Self Efficacy, the p-value of 0.158 (>0.05) and the t-value of 1.413 (<1.96) indicates an insignificant relationship. These results are not in line with previous research conducted by (Botha & Steyn, 2022;Chairat Rais & Ayu Rachmawati, 2019;Chiengkul et al, 2023;Gu et al, 2023;Morgan & Doku, 2023) with the results of their research which states that the Social Environment influences Self Efficacy. These results indicate that the better the Social Environment in entrepreneurship, it does not have an impact on Self-efficacy as a supporter of entrepreneurship.…”

The Moderating Effect of Self-Efficacy on Pregnancy Stress and Smartphone Addiction of Pregnant Women in Late Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Study

“… 19 , 20 When faced with the same source of stress, individuals with high self-efficacy adopted different corresponding strategies, which in turn affected healthy behavior. 21 , 22 Studies on college students have shown that self-efficacy played a positive role in the relationship between physical activity and internet addiction. 23 However, there was no research to confirm that self-efficacy can moderate the impact of pregnancy stress on smartphone addiction.…”