The Moderating Effects of Maternal Psychopathology on Children's Adjustment Post–Hurricane Katrina

Spell, Annie W; Kelley, Mary Lou; Wang, Jing; Self-Brown, Shannon; Davidson, Karen Lynn; Pellegrin, Angie; Palcic, Jeannette L; Meyer, Kara; Paasch, Valerie; Baumeister, Alfred A.

doi:10.1080/15374410802148210

Cited by 97 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, it is possible that higher social support at Wave 4 could be related to parents’ and peers’ recovery post-disaster. The parents also experienced post-disaster-related distress, which may have impacted children’s recovery (Cobham, McDermott, Haslam, & Sanders, 2016; Kelley et al, 2010; Self-Brown, Lai, Harbin, & Kelley, 2014; Spell et al, 2008). It is possible that during the first two-years post-disaster, parents and peers are recovering themselves, thus decreasing the availability of social support for others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster

Lai

Osborne

Piscitello

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Children are a vulnerable population following a natural disaster, due to their age and dependence on adults. The primary presenting problem children report after disasters is posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Prior research suggests that PTSS is inversely related to social support, which is often disrupted after a disaster. Objective: This study examined the relationship between social support (from parents, teachers, and peers) and PTSS in children affected by Hurricane Katrina. The research contributes to the literature by examining the mechanisms that drive this relationship over time. Methods: In this study, 426 children were followed over four timepoints, beginning 3–7 months after Hurricane Katrina and concluding 25–27 months post-hurricane. Three path models analysed the relationship between social support (from parents, teachers, and peers, measured by the Social Support Scale for Children) and PTSS (measured by the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index). Covariates included child age, minority status, gender, perceived life threat, and actual life threat. Nonsignificant paths were trimmed from the final models. Global fit indices were examined to determine model fit. Results: In the parent and peer social support models, PTSS exhibited statistically significant effects on social support from one wave to the next. In the teacher model, this was only true between Waves 2 and 3. Social support showed a statistically significant effect on PTSS between Wave 2 and Wave 3 in the peer model (standardized estimate = −0.26, p < .0001). No paths from social support to PTSS were significant in the parent and teacher models. Conclusion: Findings support a social selection model in which PTSS undermine social support, particularly in the first two years post-disaster. If these findings are replicated, this suggests that, in cases of limited funding, PTSS should be prioritized, given their cascading effects on social support.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster

Lai

Osborne

Piscitello

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

Self Cite

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“…It is notable that a number of parents did not receive a referral to psychological treatment to address their own post-trauma distress, despite contact with several health professionals to arrange treatment for their child. The presence of parental PTSD predicts child PTSD (Morris et al 2012;Spell et al 2008) and, although previous parental trauma exposure was not assessed in this study, it is possible that parents' own prior experiences of trauma may have influenced their responses to their child following child trauma. For example, Moehler et al (2007) found that parents with a history of abuse engaged in more intrusive parenting behaviours than those without a history of abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Experiences of Supporting Children with Clinically Significant Post-Traumatic Distress: a Qualitative Study of Families Accessing Psychological Services

Williamson

Creswell

Butler

et al. 2017

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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“…There is strong consensus that postdisaster family functioning is an important factor explaining variability in the psychological distress of their members. Across numerous studies using a variety of samples, measurement strategies, and methodologies, increased levels of postdisaster parental symptoms have been associated with higher levels of symptoms in children (e.g., Gil-Rivas, Kilmer, Hypes, & Roof, 2010;Green et al, 1991;Kiliç, Ö zgüven, & Sayil, 2003;McFarlane, 1987b;McLaughlin et al, 2009;Proctor et al, 2007;Scheeringa & Zeanah, 2008;Spell et al, 2008;Swenson et al, 1996). This association is not surprising, in that parents are a primary source of social support for children and adolescents (Cauce, Reid, Landesman, & Gonzalez, 1990) and also the primary source of coping assistance for children in the aftermath of disasters .…”

Section: Changes In the Dynamics And Structure Of Social Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighing the Costs of Disaster

Bonanno

Brewin

Kaniasty

et al. 2010

Psychol Sci Public Interest

980

443

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SummaryDisasters typically strike quickly and cause great harm. Unfortunately, because of the spontaneous and chaotic nature of disasters, the psychological consequences have proved exceedingly difficult to assess. Published reports have often overestimated a disaster's psychological cost to survivors, suggesting, for example, that many if not most survivors will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); at the same time, these reports have underestimated the scope of the disaster's broader impact in other domains. We argue that such ambiguities can be attributed to methodological limitations. When we focus on only the most scientifically sound research-studies that use prospective designs or include multivariate analyses of predictor and outcome measures-relatively clear conclusions about the psychological parameters of disasters emerge. We summarize the major aspects of these conclusions in five key points and close with a brief review of possible implications these points suggest for disaster intervention.1. Disasters cause serious psychological harm in a minority of exposed individuals. People exposed to disaster show myriad psychological problems, including PTSD, grief, depression, anxiety, stress-related health costs, substance abuse, and suicidal ideation. However, severe levels of these problems are typically observed only in a relatively small minority of exposed individuals. In adults, the proportion rarely exceeds 30% of most samples, and in the vast majority of methodologically sound studies, the level is usually considerably lower. Among youth, elevated symptoms are common in the first few months following a high-impact disaster, but again, chronic symptom elevations rarely exceed 30% of the youth sampled.2. Disasters produce multiple patterns of outcome, including psychological resilience. In addition to chronic dysfunction, other patterns of disaster outcome are typically observed. Some survivors recover their psychological equilibrium within a period ranging from several months to 1 or 2 years. A sizeable proportion, often more than half of those exposed, experience only transient distress and maintain a stable trajectory of healthy functioning or resilience. Resilient outcomes have been evidenced across different methodologies, including recent studies that identified patterns of outcome using relatively sophisticated data analytic approaches, such as latent growth mixture modeling.3. Disaster outcome depends on a combination of risk and resilience factors. As is true for most highly aversive events, individual differences in disaster outcomes are informed by a number of unique risk and resilience factors, including variables related to the context in which the disaster occurs, variables related to proximal exposure during the disaster, and variables related to distal exposure in the disaster's aftermath. Multivariate studies indicate that there is no one single dominant predictor of disaster outcomes. Rather, as with traumatic life events more generally, most predictor variables exert small...

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The Moderating Effects of Maternal Psychopathology on Children's Adjustment Post–Hurricane Katrina

Cited by 97 publications

References 52 publications

The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster

The relationship between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among youth exposed to a natural disaster

Parental Experiences of Supporting Children with Clinically Significant Post-Traumatic Distress: a Qualitative Study of Families Accessing Psychological Services

Weighing the Costs of Disaster

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