“…In particular, the association of organizations' managerial ties (hereafter MT, connections with executives at other businesses, and officials of government agencies) and business performance has drawn many scholars' attention (Acquaah, 2007;Guo, Xu & Jacobs, 2014;Ismail, Ford, Wu & Peng, 2013;Li, Zhou, & Shao, 2009;Luo, Hsu, & Liu, 2008;Park & Luo, 2001;Peng & Luo, 2000;Xin & Pearce, 1996;Zhang, Hu & Gu, 2008).…”