The Modern System of the Arts: A Study in the History of Aesthetics (II)

Artisans, Artists and Hegel's History of Art

“…) and mentioned only in passing. 11 And Hegel certainly construes his own approach to the philosophy of art as something which has emerged over the course of the development of aesthetics and art in the eighteenth century: the so-called 'historical deduction' of art, as the section is titled in Hotho's edition, 12 stands in the introduction to Hegel's lectures after a discussion of various eighteenth century approaches that did not fully understand the importance of art, and then traces the rise of art as it matters from Kant to Schiller to Schelling, with Hegel's as the philosophical approach which has best comprehended this development (and Schlegelian irony as something of a coda). It is only in the course of this development from Kant to Hegelian idealism that, Hegel says, 'the concept of art, and the place of art in philosophy was discovered.'…”

The aesthetic experience of nursing

“…According to Kristeller (1951), the modern meaning of the word ‘art’ is of comparatively recent origin and arose in the 18th century, when the first systematic grouping together of painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and poetry took place. Kristeller (1951) says: ‘The basic notion that the five “major arts” constitute an area all by themselves, clearly separated by common characteristics from the crafts, the sciences and other human activities, has been taken for granted by most writers on aesthetics from Kant to the present day’ (Kristeller, 1951; p. 498). There was no systematic grouping of art before this time, and modern aesthetics, ‘the philosophy of art’, was established at the same time.…”

“…There was no systematic grouping of art before this time, and modern aesthetics, ‘the philosophy of art’, was established at the same time. The term ‘Beaux Arts’, probably based on the term Arti del disegno , was coined by Vasari in the 16th century and found its institutional expression in 1563, when the painters, sculptors, and architects cut their previous connections with the craftsmen's guilds and formed an Academy of Art [Accademia del Disegno] (Kristeller, 1951; p. 514).…”

“…It was coined and used by Baumgarten in 1735 and later in his unfinished Aesthetic (1750, 1758). Baumgarten attempted an aesthetic theory based upon Cartesian principles and using the rationalist‐deductive method (Kristeller, 1951; p. 496, Beardsley, 1991; pp. 156–157).…”

“…156–157). Kristeller (1952) regards Baumgarten as the founder of aesthetics insofar as he first conceived a general theory of the arts as a separate philosophical discipline with a distinctive and well‐defined place in the system of philosophy (p. 35).…”