The modern view of the state of the problem of age-macular degeneration, its connection with genetics

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is now recognized as a complex genetic condition in which any number of genes influence a person's susceptibility to developing the disorder. Earlier studies of genetics, in addition to population-based genetic epidemiologic approaches, strongly emphasized the importance of genetics in AMD. Although the degree of heritability and the number of genes are related, the behavioural and genetic variability of the disease remains unclear, but access to modern diagnostic methods, ophthalmological and molecular genetics, expands our understanding of the mechanisms of its development and progression. One of the main problems of ophthalmological research in the coming years will be to determine the genetic cause of AMD. The use of various genetic methods provides the best chance of determining the function of one or more genes in the pathophysiology of this condition.
 The aim of this article is to conduct an analysis of the current literature to understand the pathogenesis of AMD at the molecular level and to provide the opportunity to establish and investigate new treatment methods, as well as to provide a treatment strategy that combines nutritional, environmental, and pharmacological methods to reduce the effect of genetic susceptibility and preserve vision.
 Materials and methods - sources of information in the form of scientific articles, research works and monographs were selected for the analytical review of the literature. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web Of Science were used.
 Research results - in the analytical review of modern domestic and foreign literature, it was determined that the use of various genetic methods provides the best chances to determine the function of one or more genes in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration.
 Conclusions - one of the main problems of ophthalmological research in the coming years will be to determine the genetic cause of AMD. The use of various genetic methods provides the best chance of determining the function of one or more genes in the pathophysiology of this condition. The goals are to identify people at high risk of developing AMD before they develop symptoms or serious pathology, to understand the pathogenesis of AMD at the molecular level and to enable the establishment and investigation of new treatments, as well as to provide a treatment strategy that combines nutritional, environmental, and pharmacological methods to reduce the effect of genetic susceptibility and preserve vision