The modification of water column conditions in the Gulf of Thailand by the influences of the South China Sea and monsoonal winds

Buranapratheprat, Anukul; Luadnakrob, Pontipa; Yanagi, Tetsuo; Morimoto, Akihiko

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2016.02.016

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thailand is in the middle of the Southeast Asia region; it is located at 5 • 37 to 20 • 28 N and 97 • 21 to 105 • 38 E. It is surrounded by Myanmar in the West, Cambodia in the South-East, Laos in the North-East, and Malaysia in the South. The Gulf of Thailand's (GoT) boundary stretches from the Thai-Malay border to the cape of Ca Mau in Vietnam and opens into the South China Sea in the southeastern part [20]. The Chao Phraya River, the main lifeline of the country, and the Tha Chin, Mae Klong and Bang Pakong Rivers drain into the Gulf of Thailand, as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting Relative Sea Level Rise under Climate Change at the Phrachula Chomklao Fort Tide Gauge in the Upper Gulf of Thailand

Jaroenongard

Babel

Shrestha

et al. 2021

Water

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This study aims to project future sea-level rise (SLR) at the Phrachula Chomklao Fort (PCF) tide gauge station in the Upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT) using the outputs of 35 climate models under two greenhouse gas concentration scenarios: representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and RCP8.5. The Linear Scaling method was found to be better than Variance Scaling and Quantile Mapping methods for removing biases in raw Global Circulation Models (GCMs) sea level data. Land subsidence, induced by excessive groundwater abstraction, was found to contribute significantly to SLR during the observed period the PCF gauging station; hence, the effects of land subsidence had to be removed from relative sea level before bias correction. The overall increase in SLR is projected to be 0.94–1.05 mm/year under RCP4.5 and 1.07–1.18 mm/year under RCP8.5 for the twenty-first century in the UGoT. The results suggest that future SLR due to climate change will not be as severe in the study region compared to average global projections. However, land subsidence can amplify future SLR. It is therefore important to regulate groundwater abstraction in the future so that SLR can be restricted. It is even more relevant in the UGoT as the raw water intake from the Chao Phraya River for municipal water supply to Bangkok is close to the estuary, and SLR in the future can pose additional challenges for the water utility.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting Relative Sea Level Rise under Climate Change at the Phrachula Chomklao Fort Tide Gauge in the Upper Gulf of Thailand

Jaroenongard

Babel

Shrestha

et al. 2021

Water

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“…The oceanographic processes such as ocean circulation, water column conditions, and coastal upwelling under different monsoons have been investigated (Wyrtki, 1961;Robinson, 1974;Yanagi and Takao, 1998;Buranapratheprat et al, 2016;Guo et al, 2021;Sripoonpan and Saramul, 2021). The NEM influences this region from mid-October to mid-February.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of tropical monsoon and El Niño Southern Oscillations on surface chlorophyll-a variability in the Gulf of Thailand

Leenawarat¹,

Luang-on²,

Buranapratheprat³

et al. 2022

Front. Clim.

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This study investigated the seasonal variability of surface chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and the influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related to environmental parameters in the Gulf of Thailand (GoT). Monthly chl-a data from MODIS from 2002 to 2020 as well as sea surface temperature (SST), wind, precipitation, and river discharge were used in this analysis. Results from seasonal climatology and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) described high chl-a concentration areas along the western to the southern coasts and near Ca Mau Cape during the northeast monsoon (NEM), and the upper GoT (UGoT), eastern coast, and the GoT mouth during the southwest monsoon (SWM), while low chl-a took place during the non-monsoon (NON). The GoT was divided into six areas based on the EOFs of chl-a, and then the correlation between chl-a variability and environmental parameters was also examined. The results suggested that chl-a in coastal and offshore areas were controlled by different mechanisms. Chl-a in coastal areas responded to precipitation and river discharge as well as the shoreward wind; meanwhile, chl-a in offshore areas correlated with SST and wind magnitude indicating the importance of water mixing and upwelling. The fluctuation of chl-a in each season related to ENSO was captured by EOF based on the seasonal anomaly. The influence of ENSO was strong during NEM and NON but minimal during SWM. El Niño/La Niña generally caused low/high precipitation and high/low SST. Moreover, El Niño/La Niña caused anomalously weak/strong wind during NEM contrary to during NON. Anomalous high/low chl-a were observed in shallow regions during El Niño/La Niña corresponding to strong/weak wind in NON. Abnormal wind under ENSO also created the shifting in the high chl-a area near Ca Mau Cape. These results have improved our understanding of monsoons and ENSO variabilities as the crucial drivers of changes in the tropical marine ecosystem in both seasonal and interannual time scales.

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“…Water depths are generally shallow, and the gulf is largely surrounded by the land masses of Thailand, Cambodia, and Malaysia. The Gulf of Thailand covers an area of about 35,000 km 2 . Most of it has a tropical monsoon climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study area is located on the east coast of Thailand. The tidal current is associated with a regular diurnal tide with an average tidal range of 0.8-1.2 m. Coastal currents in this area are affected by the southwest monsoon in summer, which results in a southeast coastal current, whereas in winter, the area is affected by the northeast monsoon, forming a northwest coastal current [2]. Seasonal variations play an important role of water circulation patterns in the Gulf of Thailand [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain-Size Distribution of Surface Sediments in the Chanthaburi Coast, Thailand and Implications for the Sedimentary Dynamic Environment

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

JMSE

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This paper analyzes the grain-size distribution of surface sediments of the Chanthaburi coast of Thailand to investigate the sedimentary environment and its evolution to better use and protect the coast. The Flemming triangle method, the grade-standard deviation method, and the Gao–Collins grain-size trend analysis method (GSTA model) were used to study the dynamic sedimentary environment of the area and provide preliminary identification of source materials. There are seven types of surface sediments on this coast, with grain sizes (φ) generally consisting of sand and silt. Sorting is generally poor, and becomes gradually poorer with distance offshore. Skewness is generally positive. The study area is mainly composed of sand and silt, indicating that the hydrodynamics are strong. The results of grade-standard deviation analysis indicate that sediment grain size b (3.25–4.5φ) is a sensitive indicator of environmental change. This sediment type exhibits a relatively complex transport trend, mainly characterized by northwestward and northeastward transport from sea to land. Sediments at the mouth of the Chanthaburi Estuary and the Welu River fluctuate under the influence of tidal currents. Based on the results of grade-standard deviation analysis and grain-size trend analysis, the study area was divided into three provinces, representing different sedimentary environments and material sources. Compared with tidal-controlled estuaries in the temperate regions of eastern China, the two tropical estuaries examined in this study exhibited smaller suspended sediment loads, runoff amounts, and tidal ranges. However, hydrodynamic conditions were generally stronger. The main reasons for the similarities and differences in the transport trends of sediments in these estuaries were differences in hydrodynamic conditions and the specifics of regional topography.

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The modification of water column conditions in the Gulf of Thailand by the influences of the South China Sea and monsoonal winds

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Projecting Relative Sea Level Rise under Climate Change at the Phrachula Chomklao Fort Tide Gauge in the Upper Gulf of Thailand

Projecting Relative Sea Level Rise under Climate Change at the Phrachula Chomklao Fort Tide Gauge in the Upper Gulf of Thailand

Influences of tropical monsoon and El Niño Southern Oscillations on surface chlorophyll-a variability in the Gulf of Thailand

Grain-Size Distribution of Surface Sediments in the Chanthaburi Coast, Thailand and Implications for the Sedimentary Dynamic Environment

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