The modulation of the endocannabinoid system in the treatment of cancer and other systemic human diseases

The Negative Clinical Consequences Due to the Lack of the Elaboration of a Science of Cytokines in the Physiopathology and Treatment of Human Systemic Diseases

“…[42] On the contrary, brain opioid interneuron system would play a major immunosuppressive activity, particularly by acting on mu-opioid receptor. [43] The pineal-cannabinoid functional axis is in relation to both pleasure perception and spiritual sensitivity, [41] whereas brain opioid system is active in stress and depression conditions, [42] by confirming that love and pleasure are fundamental to maintain the status of health. In fact, the pineal gland may be activated not only by a pharmacological approach but also by psychospiritual behavior, and particularly it has been shown that yoga practices may allow an increase in the endogenous secretion of MLT.…”

“…[40] The pineal gland may modulate the cannabinoid system in an immunostimulatory way, then the pineal-brain cannabinoid system would constitute a fundamental functional axis responsible for the generation of an appropriate immune response. [41] The main endogenous cannabinoid agents are arachidonoyl-ethanolamide (AEA), also called anandamide, and 2-arachidonyl-glycerol (2-AG), and they are both characterized by a circadian rhythm in their secretion, with higher levels of AEA during the night and higher levels of 2-AG during the day. [42] On the contrary, brain opioid interneuron system would play a major immunosuppressive activity, particularly by acting on mu-opioid receptor.…”

The Biochemical Fundamental Biomarkers of The Status of Health Against Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: Presence of Cortisol and Melatonin Circadian Rhythms, Normal Blood Levels of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-Beta), and Normal Values of Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR) and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)-to-Endothelin-1 (Et-1) Ratio

“…Both endogenous and exogenous cannabinoid agents are metabolized and destroyed by the enzyme FAAH 23,24 . Then, the evidence of abnormally high blood levels of FAAH has been proven to be associated with low levels of endocannabinoids, because of FAAH-induced cannabinoid degradation, with a following deficiency in the functionless of the endogenous cannabinoid system, the so-called endocannabinoid deficiency 25 . Obviously, because of its fundamental role in the modulation of the psychobiological life, an endogenous cannabinoid deficiency may allow important metabolic and psychic disorders.…”

“…Obviously, because of its fundamental role in the modulation of the psychobiological life, an endogenous cannabinoid deficiency may allow important metabolic and psychic disorders. The evidence of abnormally high blood levels of FAAH, with a consequent endocannabinoid deficiency, has appeared to be associated with a worse prognosis in most systemic human inflammatory diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases 26 , and this finding is not surprising by taking into consideration the fundamental role of the cannabinoid agents in the modulation of the immuno-inflammatory biological response by regulating the cytokine network [23][24][25][26] . In particular, it has been shown that the activation of the endocannabinoid system may stimulate the anticancer immunity 23,24 through its connection with the pineal gland 27 , which plays an essential role in the natural immunobiological resistance against cancer onset and development 28 through several and complex mechanisms, including a modulatory effect on the cytokine network with stimulation of IL-2 and IL-12 release, and inhibition of macrophage-related cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha 29 , an anti-angiogenic activity, and a direct cytostatic cytotoxic antitumor activity 30 .…”

Coronavirus-induced severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) as a possibile expression of fatty acid amide hydrolase (faah) hyper-activation and possible therapeutic role of faah inhibitors in covid19

“…The higher immunobiological response in aged subjects would be also to age-related increase in TH17 lymphocyte activity (6), with a consequent enhanced inflammatory reactivity, in association with a decline in that of regulatory T lymphocytes (T reg) (7), which in contrast counteract the inflammatory response. The inhibitory action of FAAH inhibitors on the intensity of the inflammatory response may be amplified by the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) (8), by suggesting the existence of a functional axis between brain cannabinoid system and pineal gland (9).…”