The molecular arrangement of Bifenthrin® in ether based polyurethane: Designing a synthetic termite barrier

Rajendran, Sharad; Cribb, Bronwen W.; Stewart, Aaron; Zalucki, Myron P.; Noller, B. N.; Truss, R. W.

doi:10.1002/app.31537

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In fact, fluorine (F, as fluoride ion) is known to be very labile, and its mobility was previously reported in mineral rocks 31,32 and polymer blends. 33 In natural environments, the mobility of negatively charged fluoride is found as a result of repulsion from an increasing negative surface charge. 34 Very importantly, in the context of this study, however, the mobility of fluorine during SEM-EDX analysis of polymers is a result of repulsion away from the accumulated negative charge generated by the electron beam, as illustrated in Figure 6.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decreasing number of fluorine atoms over time strongly suggests that the atoms are slowly migrating away from the irradiated area. In fact, fluorine (F, as fluoride ion) is known to be very labile, and its mobility was previously reported in mineral rocks , and polymer blends . In natural environments, the mobility of negatively charged fluoride is found as a result of repulsion from an increasing negative surface charge .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorine Mobility During SEM-EDX Analysis: A Challenge for Characterizing Epoxy/Fluoropolymer Interfaces

Vandi¹,

Truss²,

Veidt³

et al. 2013

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Precisely characterizing epoxy/thermoplastic interfaces on the nanometer scale using scanning electron microscopy energydispersive X-ray (EDX) represents a current challenge due to the large X-rays generation volume, specimen decomposition, and related phenomena occurring with polymer samples. Interface characterization is, however, of high interest because the adhesion strength and overall performance of composites depend on the interface region. This work investigates the interface between an aerospace-grade epoxy based on a tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenyl methane/diaminodiphenyl sulphone (TGDDM/DDS) formulation and a semicrystalline fluoropolymer. Monte Carlo simulation is used in combination with EDX spot analysis to evaluate the effect of X-ray generation volume, charging, and phenomena arising from specimen decomposition. The results indicate that fluorine mobility due to specimen damage by electron beam irradiation is the principal factor affecting interface width measurements. An effective solution achieved by optimizing acquisition parameters and using an electron thin specimen allows accurate interface width measurement with a resolution of <300 nm.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine Mobility During SEM-EDX Analysis: A Challenge for Characterizing Epoxy/Fluoropolymer Interfaces

Vandi¹,

Truss²,

Veidt³

et al. 2013

J. Phys. Chem. C

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High-Resolution X-ray Mapping of Fluorinated Binders in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Parker,

Smith,

Cumming

2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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This study looks at energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) maps of fluorine in NMC 622 cathodes and the efforts made to improve the spatial resolution of fluorine mapping. The transition to electric vehicles demands faster and efficient production of next-generation lithium-ion batteries. To achieve this goal, the industry needs to take advantage of state-of-the-art battery characterization techniques in the pursuit of gaining a greater understanding of electrode structure and production. The binder location within an electrode is critical to electrochemical performance and contains fluorine, yielding an opportunity to use it as a marker and a way to visualize binder distribution and therefore, better understand processstructure relations. However, fluorine is difficult to differentiate from cobalt and manganese in an EDX spectrum due to similar Kα energy. Fluorine also interacts with the electron beam, potentially leading to poor spatial resolution. This paper examines different EDX parameters and compares the spatial resolution of fluorine in the maps of lithium-ion cathode cross sections. Analysis of the EDX maps showed that reducing the accelerating voltage from 20 to 5 kV improved the spatial resolution of fluorine 10-fold, from 2553 to 238 nm, supported by CASINO simulations. The EDX maps also indicated that imaging for one long scan at a 2500 μs dwell time produced a higher spatial resolution than imaging for 10 scans at 250 μs. Repeated line scans of the sample showed the extent of fluorine mobility; fluorine-rich zones emit less, while fluorine-free zones begin to emit more fluorine X-rays. This work shows that the spatial resolution of fluorine maps can be increased by imaging at 5 kV and scanning for one pass at 2500 μs. This methodology can be used to create more representative EDX maps of the binder in the cathodes. Visual analysis or further processing with an image analysis can reveal binder distributions and potential binder gradients. This technique is useful in understanding how changes to electrode manufacturing can change the electrode structure and binder distribution.

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The molecular arrangement of Bifenthrin® in ether based polyurethane: Designing a synthetic termite barrier

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Fluorine Mobility During SEM-EDX Analysis: A Challenge for Characterizing Epoxy/Fluoropolymer Interfaces

Fluorine Mobility During SEM-EDX Analysis: A Challenge for Characterizing Epoxy/Fluoropolymer Interfaces

High-Resolution X-ray Mapping of Fluorinated Binders in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

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