“…HT leads to multiple injuries at the molecular, physiological, biochemical, subcellular, cellular, and whole plant body levels ( Wani and Kumar, 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2022 ; Huang et al., 2023 ; Kan et al., 2023 ). HT injury is implicated in biomembrane damage, protein denaturation, Ca 2+ overload toxicity, ion and acid imbalance, and oxidative, osmotic, and MG stress ( Kosová et al., 2021 ; Zhao et al., 2021 ; Zhang et al., 2022 ; Zhou et al., 2022a ,; Huang et al., 2023 ; Kan et al., 2023 ; Wang et al., 2023c ) ( Figure 3 ). Therefore, plant HT tolerance is closely related to the repair of biomembrane (RBM), stress protein biosynthesis (SPB), Ca 2+ ion equilibrium (CIE), ROS homeostasis (ROH), osmoregulation (OSR), MG balance (MGB), ion equilibrium (IEB), and pH value stability (PVS) in plants ( Zhang et al., 2022 ; Zhou et al., 2022a , Zhou et al., 2022b ; Huang et al., 2023 ; Kan et al., 2023 ; Wang et al., 2023c ) ( Figure 4 ; Table 1 ).…”