The Molecular Basis of Peanut Allergy

Mueller, Geoffrey A.; Maleki, Soheila J.; Pedersen, Lars C.

doi:10.1007/s11882-014-0429-5

Cited by 74 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In this regard, evaluation of allergen concentration in the bloodstream in the hours following gavage may provide a more clinically (and immunologically) relevant form of assessment. Moreover, it is tempting to speculate that poor digestibility and the access of undigested protein to the bloodstream with B cell epitopes intact may be a distinguishing feature of food allergens (see refs [61–63]) for peanut, β-lactoglobulin and wheat). Whether this is in fact the case, and whether commensal bacteria regulate the systemic concentration of allergens other than peanut, is now readily testable in pre-clinical murine models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the commensal microbiota in the regulation of tolerance to dietary allergens

Canani

Gilbert

Nagler

2015

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of review In this report we review the evidence that environmental stimuli that perturb naturally selected host-microbe interactions are driving the increasing prevalence of food allergy and examine the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria regulate tolerance to dietary allergens. Recent findings Antibiotic use and the consumption of a high fat/low fiber diet have a major, and rapid, impact on gut bacterial populations with long-term consequences for both overall microbial community structure and the regulation of host immunity. Recent work emphasizes the role of mucosa-associated commensal bacteria in eliciting a barrier protective response critical to preventing allergic sensitization to food. Murine model studies are informing the development of novel live biotherapeutic approaches as an adjunctive therapy to enhance antigen specific oral desensitization and promote lasting tolerance in patients with food allergy. Summary Strategies based on modulating the composition and/or functionality of the gut microbiome hold promise for the treatment of food allergy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the commensal microbiota in the regulation of tolerance to dietary allergens

Canani

Gilbert

Nagler

2015

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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“…Vast information on the literature concern proteins and peptides with allergenic properties 6,8,10,14,28,35,38,[49][50][51][52]58,59,64,71,78,85,97, . As mentioned, allergenicity is not the main topic of this call and subtle differences exist between adjuvanticity, immunogenicity and allergenicity definitions.…”

Section: List Of Proteins In Food/feed With An Adjuvant and An Immunementioning

confidence: 99%

Literature review in support of adjuvanticity/immunogenicity assessment of proteins

Parenti

Santoro

Río

et al. 2019

EFSA Supporting Publications

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Based on the risk assessment of genetically modified plants, according to Implementing Regulation (EU) No 503/201321 "In cases when known functional aspects of the newly expressed protein or structural similarity to known strong adjuvants may indicate possible adjuvant activity, the applicant shall assess the possible role of these proteins as adjuvants". To further investigate the topic, an EFSA procurement was launched requesting a comprehensive literature review and critically appraisal on adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of proteins. A systematic literature search and critical review was performed, identifying 299 relevant publications. From the evaluation of the relevant literature emerged that: i) a clear classification of adjuvant and immunogens of proteins cannot be done; ii) structural features able to modulate adjuvanticity and immunogenicity are mainly ascribed to therapeutic proteins and in the context of allergenicity and cross-reactivity; iii) factors affecting the propensity of a protein to stimulate immune response are aggregation, thermal processing, digestion, food matrix, among others; iv) different proteins are described to have immunomodulatory effects; v) risk assessment of adjuvant and immunogenic behaviour of proteins requires specific methodologies that can be adapted from other fields; vi) adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of Cry proteins in certain experimental conditions seems plausible but due to low dosage, oral route of administration, food and feed processing and digestion, it is unlikely to emerge as a safety issue in food and feed; vii) eliciting an immune response is a very complex matter as the body responds to immune offence by inducing many processes. Based on these considerations, it is expected that the availability of new humanized animal models and the possibility to deploy artificial intelligent systems on the vastity of human data will become a general direction aiming to help answering specific questions relating to the immune systems, including the adjuvanticity and immunogenicity of food/feed proteins.

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“…Ara h 8 in particular is chemically related to birch pollen. 4,5 It confers pollen-induced cross-reactivity and is rarely associated with anaphylaxis. Ara h 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 are seed storage proteins and are therefore more allergenic than other components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case report of mono-sensitization to peanut component Ara h6

Bartellino

Barisciano

2019

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Peanut is the most common food allergen in the US, affecting 1-2 % of the population and studies show that it is still on the rise. Component testing has offered better insight into the likelihood of reactivity with exposure. Extensive literature shows Arachis hypogea (Ara h) 2 as being the most clinically significant component identified to correlate with reactivity with exposure to the peanut protein, however there is minimal research on the reactivity of Ara h6. This case report describes a patient with a clinical reaction to peanut as a toddler and subsequent positivity on annual skin testing with commercial peanut extract, likely confounded by positive birch with advancing age. Immuno CAP testing revealed a negative Ara h2 and positive Ara h6, describing mono-sensitization to Ara h 6 and high probability of clinical reactivity. The importance of this case is to raise awareness of other highly allergenic components in patients with peanut allergy.

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The Molecular Basis of Peanut Allergy

Cited by 74 publications

References 80 publications

The role of the commensal microbiota in the regulation of tolerance to dietary allergens

The role of the commensal microbiota in the regulation of tolerance to dietary allergens

Literature review in support of adjuvanticity/immunogenicity assessment of proteins

A case report of mono-sensitization to peanut component Ara h6

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