The Molecular Basis of the Anti-Inflammatory Property of Astragaloside IV for the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications

Abstract

Astragali Radix is a significant traditional Chinese medication, and has a long history of clinical application in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. AS-IV is an active saponin isolated from it. Modern pharmacological study shows that AS-IV has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory activities. The popular inflammatory etiology of diabetes suggests that DM is a natural immune and low-grade inflammatory disease. Pharmacological intervention of the inflammatory response may provide promising and alternative approaches for the prevention and treatment of DM and its complications. Therefore, this article focuses on the potential of AS-IV in the treatment of DM from the perspective of an anti-inflammatory molecular basis. AS-IV plays a role by regulating a variety of anti-inflammatory pathways in multiple organs, tissues and target cells throughout the body. The blockade of the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway may be the central link of AS-IV's anti-inflammatory effect, resulting in a reduction in the tissue structure and function damage stimulated by inflammatory factors. In addition, AS-IV can delay the onset of DM and its complications by inhibiting inflammation-related oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis signals. In conclusion, AS-IV has therapeutic prospects from the perspective of reducing the inflammation of DM and its complications. An in-depth study on the antiinflammatory mechanism of AS-IV is of great significance for the effective use of Chinese herbal medicine and the promotion of its status and influence on the world.

Effect of total astragalosides on diabetic non-healing wound by regulating immune microenvironment

“…And FL and AA can affect the function of smooth muscle cells by affecting cell signal transduction pathways, while PS can promote new angiogenesis, provide more oxygen and nutrients. This affects the activity of smooth muscle cells and α-SMA in the wound, promotes the synthesis of collagen in the wound, and increases the levels of α-SMA and COL-1 [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A review

“…[ 33 ] In addition, astragaloside IV promotes glutathione activity and increases advanced glycation end products (AGEs), thereby delaying peripheral nerve damage in streptozotocin (STZ) treated rats. [ 34 ] Yin et al [ 35 ] established in vitro and in vivo models and found that astragaloside IV can inhibit the expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, upregulates the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins, thereby reducing blood sugar in DPN rats and alleviating peripheral nerve damage. Ginsenoside is an extract of traditional Chinese medicine ginseng.…”

Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives of non-coding RNA-modulated apoptotic signaling in diabetic retinopathy

“…Co-localized on the X chromosome at Xp11.3, miR-221 and miR-222 are highly conserved across vertebrates, sharing identical seed sequences and are separated by 727 bases (Li et al 2023 ). Chen et al observed that HG exposure induced an unregulation of miR-221 expression, while concurrently downregulating Nrf2 and SIRT1 levels.…”

“…In their study, MALAT1 competitively sequestered miR-378a-3p, a molecule that targeted PDE6G. Consequently, the MALAT1/miR-378a-3p/PDE6G signaling axis functions to mitigate apoptosis in RMECs under HG conditions (Li 2021 ).…”