The Molecular Biology of Thyroid Hormone Action

Eberhardt, Norman L.; Apriletti, James W.; Baxter, John D.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-452807-9.50015-2

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 304 publications

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“…These receptors are the primary effectors of thyroid hormone response, presumably by modulating the expression of specific genes in target cells (1,3,10). Others have recently shown that the cloned thyroid hormone receptor subtypes can activate transcription from thyroid hormoneresponsive promoters (32)(33)(34) (5,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), are critical for the development of the central nervous system and maintenance of homeostasis and can influence the synthesis and activity of many important regulatory proteins (1). The actions of thyroid hormones, like those of the steroid hormones, are mediated through an intracellular receptor protein (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trans-activation by thyroid hormone receptors: functional parallels with steroid hormone receptors.

Thompson

Evans²

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans-activation by thyroid hormone receptors: functional parallels with steroid hormone receptors.

Thompson

Evans²

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

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“…Growth hormone (GH)' secretion requires the presence of thyroid hormones, which have been shown to exert important effects on GH messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription and hormone biosynthesis (1). Consequently, in both man and experimental animals, thyroid hormone deficiency is associated with an impairment in GH secretion that has been attributed to decreased somatotroph GH content (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention has recently been given to a possibly broader role ofthyroid hormones in the regulation ofGH secretion as further knowledge of the central nervous system (CNS) control of GH 1. Abbreviations used in this paper: ACN, acetonitrile; GH, growth hormone; GRH, growth-releasing hormone; hGRH, human GRH; rGRH, rat GRH; SRIF, somatostatin; T4Rx, thyroxine replacement; TSH, thyrotropin; Tx, thyroidectomized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone content and pituitary responsiveness in hypothyroidism.

Katakami¹,

Downs²,

Frohman³

1986

J. Clin. Invest.

106

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The effects of thyroidectomy (Tx) and thyroxine replacement (T4Rx) on pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion and hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GRH) concentration were compared to define the mechanism of hypothyroid-associated GH deficiency.Thyroidectomized rats exhibited a complete loss of pulsatile GH secretion with extensive reduction in GRH responsiveness and pituitary GH content. Cultured pituitary cells from Tx rats exhibited reduced GRH sensitivity, maximal GH responsiveness, and intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation to GRH, while somatostatin (SRIF) suppressive effects on GH secretion were increased. Hypothalamic GRH content was also markedly reduced. T4Rx completely restored hypothalamic GRH content and spontaneous GH secretion despite only partial recovery of pituitary GH content, GRH and SRIF sensitivity, and intracellular cyclic AMP response to GRH.The results indicate multiple effects of hypothyroidism on GH secretion and suggest that a critical role of T4 in maintaining normal GH secretion, in addition to restoring GH synthesis, is related to its effect on hypothalamic GRH.

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“…These hormones affect the basal metabolic rate and thermogenic processes (Silva, 1995); thyroid hormones exert anabolic or catabolic properties at low or high concentrations, respectively (Eberhardt et al, 1980). With specific consideration of lipid metabolism, iodothyronines have an effect on synthesis, mobilization and degradation of lipids, although degradation is influenced more than synthesis (Pucci et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the levels of lipids, cholesterol and iodothyronines in the blood of pigs

Sechman¹,

Pieszka²,

Rzasa³

et al. 2007

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the concentrations of lipids, fatty acids and iodothyronines: thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ), reverse-triiodothyronine (rT 3 ), free T 4 (FT 4 ) and free T 3 (FT 3 ) in blood plasma of pigs. The experiment was carried out on 50 fatteners (average liveweight 50 kg) divided into 5 groups (5 gilts and 5 barrows per group). The pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% of CLA isomers. Blood samples were collected from fatteners weighing 105 kg. Supplementation of the diet with CLA did not significantly affect lipid parameters in blood plasma. In comparison with gilts, a significantly higher concentration of triglycerides in barrows was found. In CLA-fed pigs, significant changes in the plasma fatty acid profile were noticed. The higher doses of CLA caused a significant increase in CLA and saturated fatty acids (SFA) with a concomitant decrease in monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids in blood plasma. Moreover, dietary CLA decreased the ∆9 desaturase index in a dose-dependent manner, probably as a result of Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 16, 2007, 193-204 8 Corresponding author: e-mail: rzsechma@cyf-kr.edu.pl DIETARY CLA ON LIPIDS AND IODOTHYRONINES IN PIGSthe inhibitory effect of CLA on stearoyl-CoA activity.Only the lowest dose of CLA (0.5%) increased T 4 and T 3 concentrations in blood plasma of fatteners by 64 and 27%, respectively. There were no significant changes in rT 3 , FT 4 and FT 3 in the plasma of CLA-treated pigs. The results obtained indicate that dietary CLA influenced the fatty acid profile in blood plasma of fatteners without affecting basic lipid parameters. The increase in T 4 and T 3 concentrations in the blood of CLAtreated pigs suggests that low doses of CLA may stimulate the function of the pituitary-thyroid axis and/or deiodinase activity. On the other hand, the absence of changes in FT 4 and FT 3 indicates that CLA treatment does not affect thyroid hormone homeostasis in blood.

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The Molecular Biology of Thyroid Hormone Action

Cited by 30 publications

References 304 publications

Trans-activation by thyroid hormone receptors: functional parallels with steroid hormone receptors.

Trans-activation by thyroid hormone receptors: functional parallels with steroid hormone receptors.

Decreased hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone content and pituitary responsiveness in hypothyroidism.

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the levels of lipids, cholesterol and iodothyronines in the blood of pigs

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