The Molecular Detection of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> and <i>Giardia</i> in Sika Deer (<i>Cervus Nippon Centralis</i>)in Japan

Abstract

Fecal specimens (271 samples) from wild deer, Cervus nippon centralis, were collected from nine different areas in Japan; these samples were subjected to a real-time reverse transcription PCR for Cryptosporidium-and Giardia-specific 18S ribosomal RNA to investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection. The incidence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the nine areas ranged from 0% to 20.0% and 0% to 3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium among male and female deer was 8.1% and 3.9%, respectively, while that of Giardia was 0.7% and 0.8%. Sequence analysis identified the Cryptosporidium deer genotype, Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae and Cryptosporidium meleagridis from the sequence of Cryptosporidium-specific partial 18S ribosomal RNA and Giardia intestinalis assemblage A from the partial sequence of Giardia-specific 18S rRNA. The variation in regional prevalence indicates that Cryptosporidium infection depends on environmental factors, and that bovine Cryptosporidium was detected more frequently than cervine Cryptosporidium. These data suggest that wild deer might be a healthy carrier of bovine Cryptosporidium.

Examining the molecular epidemiology of <i>Giardia</i> and <i>Eimeria</i> species in Japan: a comprehensive review

“…positive/No. tested) Giardia species and its assemblages detected and their percentage % References Tohoku, Kanto, Chubu, Kyushu Variable Household cats and pet shop kittens 57 fecal samples (pet shop kittens: 44, household cats: 13) in between January 2014 and December 2016 18S rRNA , GDH , β-giardin ( BG ), and ( TPI ) 75% (33/44), 13.6% (6/44), 2.3% (1/44) G. duodenalis assemblage F (75%; 33/44), assemblage A (13.6%; 6/44), assemblage B (2.3%; 1/44), Mixed assemblage F and A (9.1%; 4/44) Iijima et al, 2018 [ 36 ] 9 prefectures (Chiba, Shizuoka, Nagano, Shiga, Mie, Kyoto, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Miyazaki) NS Wild sika deer ( Cervus nippon centralis ), October 2012 and June 2016 Total 271 27 45 40 25 23 29 58 19 5 18S rRNA 3.4% 1.7% G. intestinalis assemblage A Yamazaki et al, 2018 [ 92 ] Chiba NS Calves 7 Diarrheic feces β-giardin 2/7 (28.6%) G. intestinalis assemblage E Matsuura et al ., 2017 [ 62 ] Nagano, Saitama, Aichi, Gifu, Miyagi 1 month to 12 years Seven breeding catteries 342 cats’ fecal sample...…”