The molecular epidemiology of iridovirus in Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) and dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia) from distant biogeographical regions suggests a link between trade in ornamental fish and emerging iridoviral diseases

Go, Jeffrey; Lancaster, M. C.; Deece, Kylie; Dhungyel, Om P.; Whittington, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.mcp.2005.12.002

Cited by 110 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Furthermore, it has been strongly suggested that iridoviruses and recently discovered viruses lately differentiated from the same origin (15). The present study has revealed that iridoviruses include variants although they are located in the same phylogenetic position according to the MCP gene sequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Phenotypic Diversity of Infectious Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Isolates from Cultured Fish in Japan

Shinmoto

Taniguchi

Ikawa

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Megalocytivirus is causing economically serious mass mortality by infecting fish in and around the Pacific region of Asia. The recent emergence of many new iridoviruses has drawn attention to the marked taxonomic variation within this virus family. Most studies of these viruses have not included extensive study of these emergent species. We explored the emergence of red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) on a fish farm in Japan, and we specifically endeavored to quantify genetic and phenotypic differences between RSIV isolates using in vitro and in vivo methods. The three isolates had identical major capsid protein sequences, and they were closely related to Korean RSIV isolates. In vitro studies revealed that the isolates differed in replication rate, which was determined by real-time quantitative PCR of viral genomes in infected cells and cell culture supernatant, and in cell viability, estimated by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay for infected cells. In vivo studies showed that the isolates exhibit different virulence characteristics: infected red sea bream showed either acute death or subacute death according to infection with different isolates. Significant differences were seen in the antigenicity of isolates by a formalin-inactivated vaccine test. These results revealed that variant characteristics exist in the same phylogenetic location in emergent iridoviruses. We suggest that this strain variation would expand the host range in iridoviral epidemics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Phenotypic Diversity of Infectious Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Isolates from Cultured Fish in Japan

Shinmoto

Taniguchi

Ikawa

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In addition, few studies have addressed the potential for mass mortality in the marine aquaculture industry caused by iridoviruses from ornamental fish species. Surprisingly, Murray cod iridovirus (MCIV) was detected in paraffin-embedded tissues from Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii that died during an epizootic outbreak in Australia in 2006 (Go et al 2006). The MCP gene of MCIV is nearly 100% homologous (99.95%) with that of dwarf gourami Colisa lalia iridovirus (DGIV) imported from Southeast Asia (Go et al 2006), suggesting a link between the ornamental fish trade and emerging iridoviral diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, Murray cod iridovirus (MCIV) was detected in paraffin-embedded tissues from Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii that died during an epizootic outbreak in Australia in 2006 (Go et al 2006). The MCP gene of MCIV is nearly 100% homologous (99.95%) with that of dwarf gourami Colisa lalia iridovirus (DGIV) imported from Southeast Asia (Go et al 2006), suggesting a link between the ornamental fish trade and emerging iridoviral diseases. Thus, the results of the present study may provide evidence for the risk of cross-infection by PGIV-SP (or IVS-1) in both seawater and freshwater fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of iridovirus from freshwater ornamental fish (pearl gourami) to marine fish (rock bream)

Jeong¹,

Cho²,

Jun³

et al. 2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Freshwater pearl gourami Trichogaster leeri and seawater rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus infected by the iridoviruses PGIV-SP and IVS-1 were carrying similar numbers of viral particles (2.52 × 10 8 and 2.46 × 10 8 viral genome copies mg -1 spleen tissue, respectively). The viral genome copy number for both iridoviruses decreased much faster in seawater than in freshwater, reaching a concentration of less than 0.5%, versus 26 to 54% in freshwater, after 4 d of incubation at 25°C. The decrease in copy number altered the infectivity of the viruses, as reflected by the decreased cumulative mortality of rock bream injected intraperitoneally with the incubated iridoviruses. Moreover, uninfected rock bream cohabitated with PGIV-SP-challenged rock bream showed 100% cumulative mortality; a similar experiment using IVS-1 had the same result, implying the potential for iridoviral transmission from freshwater ornamental fish to marine fish even in a marine environment. Of 58 outwardly healthy marine fish groups collected from various markets, 2 rock bream groups and 1 sea perch group Lateolabrax sp. tested positive for PGIV-SP by 2-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thus, PGIV-SP from freshwater ornamental fish may have crossed both environmental and species barriers to infect marine fish such as rock bream.

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“…58 Zebrafish have been shown to be experimentally susceptible to a number of fish viruses, [63][64][65][66] including infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, [67][68][69][70] a Megalocytivirus, which infects a very broad range of fish hosts 71,72 and is prevalent in the tropical ornamental fish trade. 73,74 Zebrafish have also been shown to be experimentally susceptible to a commercially important Rhabdovirus, spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), 75,76 which has restricted importation of laboratory zebrafish into Canada and other nations. The relevance of testing for some viruses on a regular basis, such as SVCV, is questionable as these animals were infected under artificial housing conditions.…”

Section: 51-53mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities

2016

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The presence of subclinical infection or clinical disease in laboratory zebrafish may have a significant impact on research results, animal health and welfare, and transfer of animals between institutions. As use of zebrafish as a model of disease increases, a harmonized method for monitoring and reporting the health status of animals will facilitate the transfer of animals, allow institutions to exclude diseases that may negatively impact their research programs, and improve animal health and welfare. All zebrafish facilities should implement a health monitoring program. In this study, we review important aspects of a health monitoring program, including choice of agents, samples for testing, available testing methodologies, housing and husbandry, cost, test subjects, and a harmonized method for reporting results. Facilities may use these recommendations to implement their own health monitoring program.

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The molecular epidemiology of iridovirus in Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii peelii) and dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia) from distant biogeographical regions suggests a link between trade in ornamental fish and emerging iridoviral diseases

Cited by 110 publications

References 42 publications

Phenotypic Diversity of Infectious Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Isolates from Cultured Fish in Japan

Phenotypic Diversity of Infectious Red Sea Bream Iridovirus Isolates from Cultured Fish in Japan

Transmission of iridovirus from freshwater ornamental fish (pearl gourami) to marine fish (rock bream)

Recommendations for Health Monitoring and Reporting for Zebrafish Research Facilities

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