The Molecular Function and Clinical Role of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Cancer Cells

Chu, Yu-De; Yeh, Chau‐Ting

doi:10.3390/cells9071730

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Besides TSH that activates TSHR there are a lot of other mutations happening in the TSHR gene, that could be germline or tumor specific mutations and could trigger automatically cascades and therefore encourage cell proliferation, like V509A, C672Y and M453T. Meaning that TSHR has a somehow oncogenic role in TC but to develop into a proper malignancy there should be also other existing mutations ( 46 , 47 ). In a study it was showed that there were TSHR in normal breast tissue and its expression was increased in breast tumors but further studies need to be done to confirm the exact role of TSHR in breast malignancies ( 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Synchronous Breast and Thyroid Cancer: a Controlled Multicenter Study and Review of the Literature

Zervoudis¹,

Iatrakis²,

Markja³

et al. 2021

Mater Sociomed

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Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women in the United States. Thyroid cancer (TC) is also one of the fastest increasing cancer types in the United States, with most cases being papillary thyroid carcinomas. Objective: To identify possible risk factors for the synchronous or metachronous co-occurrence of breast and thyroid cancers. Methods: We carried out a study, which consisted of data from four gynecological clinics: two in Greece (Athens, Alexandroupolis, Ioannina) and one in Germany, collected from June 2017 to June 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of 58 patients with breast cancer and a personal history of thyroid cancer. The second group (control group) included 50 patients with the same characteristics as to age, parity, type of pregnancy, treatment for sterility, polycystic ovaries, regularity of the menstrual cycle, breast density, BMI, family history of cancer, blood group rhesus and histological results of breast cancer. The data we collected were analyzed using version 20 of the SPSS statistical package. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and a p-value<0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: The only factors that seem to be related with the association of breast and thyroid cancer were: history of abortion and multiparity. Conclusion: In our study there is a higher chance of developing breast cancer after diagnosing thyroid cancer and vice versa. More than genetic mutations, a possible hormonal pathway of these two malignancies is possible. The hormonal change in women who had many children or abortions could be a risk factor to develop both cancers. More studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Synchronous Breast and Thyroid Cancer: a Controlled Multicenter Study and Review of the Literature

Zervoudis¹,

Iatrakis²,

Markja³

et al. 2021

Mater Sociomed

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“…Researchers have revealed that the macrobian population is characterized by high TSH generation and TSH insensitivity without altered energy metabolism [ 124 , 125 ]. Moreover, TSH can reverse aging mediated by BRAFV600E mutations in mice, both in vitro and in vivo [ 126 ]. Similar to GH, insulin/insulin-like growth factor I signaling suppression delayed stress granule protein accumulation and subsequently prolonged longevity in C. elegans [ 127 , 128 ].…”

Section: Endocrine Hormones May Delay Aging But Promote Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Tumor and Means of Interventions

Shen¹,

He²,

Hou³

et al. 2022

Aging and disease

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Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of malignant tumors among the older population. Moreover, there is an association between aging and cancer. During the process of senescence, the human body suffers from a series of imbalances, which have been shown to further accelerate aging, trigger tumorigenesis, and facilitate cancer progression. Therefore, exploring the junctions of aging and cancer and searching for novel methods to restore the junctions is of great importance to intervene against aging-related cancers. In this review, we have identified the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of aging-related cancers by comparing alterations in the human body caused by aging and the factors that trigger cancers. We found that the common mechanisms of aging and cancer include cellular senescence, alterations in proteostasis, microbiota disorders (decreased probiotics and increased pernicious bacteria), persistent chronic inflammation, extensive immunosenescence, inordinate energy metabolism, altered material metabolism, endocrine disorders, altered genetic expression, and epigenetic modification. Furthermore, we have proposed that aging and cancer have common means of intervention, including novel uses of common medicine (metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin), dietary restriction, and artificial microbiota intervention or selectively replenishing scarce metabolites. In addition, we have summarized the research progress of each intervention and revealed their bidirectional effects on cancer progression to compare their reliability and feasibility. Therefore, the study findings provide vital information for advanced research studies on age-related cancers. However, there is a need for further optimization of the described methods and more suitable methods for complicated clinical practices. In conclusion, targeting aging may have potential therapeutic effects on aging-related cancers.

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“…TSHR is a protein of 87 kDa and belongs to the family of G-coupled protein receptors (GCPRs) [68]. The activation of TSHR in the plasma cell membrane transmits signals through G proteins Gas and Gaq, and downstream through the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and the phospholipase C/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.…”

Section: Expression Of Trs Tshr and Related Proteins In Human Breast ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of TSHR is established in well-differentiated thyroid cancers, where treatment with T4 to suppress TSH secretion from the hypophysis, in order to prevent TSHR activation, is the mainstay of treatment [69]. TSHR is also expressed in other cancers, such as ovarian carcinomas, hepatomas and melanomas [68,[70][71][72]. The expression of TSHR is increased in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal mammary tissues [73].…”

Section: Expression Of Trs Tshr and Related Proteins In Human Breast ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The TSH/Thyroid Hormones Axis and Breast Cancer

Voutsadakis

2022

JCM

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Breast cancer, the most prevalent female carcinoma, is characterized by the expression of steroid nuclear receptors in a subset of cases. The most important nuclear receptor with prognostic and therapeutic implications is the Estrogen Receptor (ER), which is expressed in about three out of four breast cancers. The Progesterone Receptor (PR) and the Androgen Receptor (AR) are also commonly expressed. Moreover, non-steroid nuclear receptors, including the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the thyroid receptors (TRs), are also present in breast cancers and have pathophysiologic implications. Circulating thyroid hormones may influence breast cancer risk and breast cancer cell survival, through ligating their canonical receptors TRα and TRβ but also through additional membrane receptors that are expressed in breast cancer. The expression of TR subtypes and their respective isotypes have diverse effects in breast cancers through co-operation with ER and influence on other cancer-associated pathways. Other components of the TSH/thyroid hormone axis, such as TSH and selenoiodinase enzymes, have putative effects in breast cancer pathophysiology. This paper reviews the pathophysiologic and prognostic implications of the thyroid axis in breast cancer and provides a brief therapeutic perspective.

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The Molecular Function and Clinical Role of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Cancer Cells

Cited by 44 publications

References 136 publications

Risk Factors of Synchronous Breast and Thyroid Cancer: a Controlled Multicenter Study and Review of the Literature

Risk Factors of Synchronous Breast and Thyroid Cancer: a Controlled Multicenter Study and Review of the Literature

Common Pathogenetic Mechanisms Underlying Aging and Tumor and Means of Interventions

The TSH/Thyroid Hormones Axis and Breast Cancer

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