The Molecular Mechanisms in Senescent Cells Induced by Natural Aging and Ionizing Radiation

Abstract

This review discusses the relationship between cellular senescence and radiation exposure. Given the wide range of ionizing radiation sources encountered by people in professional and medical spheres, as well as the influence of natural background radiation, the question of the effect of radiation on biological processes, particularly on aging processes, remains highly relevant. The parallel relationship between natural and radiation-induced cellular senescence reveals the common aspects underlying these processes. Based on recent scientific data, the key points of the effects of ionizing radiation on cellular processes associated with aging, such as genome instability, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered expression of miRNAs, epigenetic profile, and manifestation of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), are discussed. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence can make a valuable contribution to the understanding of the molecular genetic basis of age-associated diseases in the context of environmental exposure.

Transcriptomic Profile of Mouse Brain Ageing in Early Developmental Stages

“…During the initial stages of neurodevelopment, cellular senescence can be initiated by a number of factors, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and altered proteostasis. These aforementioned processes can impair neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, potentially contributing to the onset or exacerbation of neurodevelopmental disorders [ 5 , 6 ]. The most commonly observed impacts of ageing are a decline in cognitive and memory functions and the immune system and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases [ 7 ].…”