The Molecular Pathway of Argon-Mediated Neuroprotection

Ulbrich, Felix; Goebel, Ulrich

doi:10.3390/ijms17111816

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These factors influence or even interrupt neuronal apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and excitoxicity. Systematic reviews by Hoellig [98], Ulbrich [99] and Nespoli [100] have provided detailed information about the molecular pathways of neuroprotection mediated by argon ( Table 2).…”

Section: Neuroprotection By Argonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fahlenkamp et al showed that argon reduces LPS-induced inflammation in microglia cell cultures [102]. Fore a deeper mechanistic understanding of neuroprotection by argon models of apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells and ischaemia reperfusion were established by Ulbrich et al [99,107,116]. Ulbrich et al identified the inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLR2/TLR4) and the activation of the NF-κB pathway by argon as relevant regarding the reduction in microglial inflammation.…”

Section: Neuroprotection By Argonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update of the organoprotective properties of xenon and argon: from bench to beside

Röhl

Rossaint

Coburn

2020

ICMx

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The growth of the elderly population has led to an increase in patients with myocardial infarction and stroke (Wajngarten and Silva, Eur Cardiol 14: 111-115, 2019). Patients receiving treatment for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) highly profit from early reperfusion therapy under 3 h from the onset of symptoms. However, mortality from STEMI remains high due to the increase in age and comorbidities (Menees et al., N Engl J Med 369: 901-909, 2013). These factors also account for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Reperfusion therapy has been established as the gold standard within the first 4 to 5 h after onset of symptoms (Powers et al., Stroke 49: e46-e110, 2018). Nonetheless, not all patients are eligible for reperfusion therapy. The same is true for traumatic brain injury patients. Due to the complexity of acute myocardial and central nervous injury (CNS), finding organ protective substances to improve the function of remote myocardium and the ischaemic penumbra of the brain is urgent. This narrative review focuses on the noble gases argon and xenon and their possible cardiac, renal and neuroprotectant properties in the elderly high-risk (surgical) population. The article will provide an overview of the latest experimental and clinical studies. It is beyond the scope of this review to give a detailed summary of the mechanistic understanding of organ protection by xenon and argon.

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Section: Neuroprotection By Argonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuroprotection By Argonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update of the organoprotective properties of xenon and argon: from bench to beside

Röhl

Rossaint

Coburn

2020

ICMx

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“…In addition, HO‐1 protein combined with protein transduction domains significantly attenuated cerebral vasospasm when injected into the cerebral arteries of rats . The therapeutic potential of HO‐1 inducers, including nicaraven, argon, carnosol, ebselen and CGS26393, has also been revealed . Additionally, nicaraven is known to cause minute side effects during treatment …”

Section: The Pathophysiology Of Sahmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role and therapeutic potential of heat shock proteins in haemorrhagic stroke

Shao

Zhou

Yao

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced after haemorrhagic stroke, which includes subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Most of these proteins function as neuroprotective molecules to protect cerebral neurons from haemorrhagic stroke and as markers to indicate cellular stress or damage. The most widely studied HSPs in SAH are HSP70, haeme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), HSP20 and HSP27. The subsequent pathophysiological changes following SAH can be divided into two stages: early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischaemia, both of which determine the outcome for patients. Because the mechanisms of HSPs in SAH are being revealed and experimental models in animals are continually maturing, new agents targeting HSPs with limited side effects have been suggested to provide therapeutic potential. For instance, some pharmaceutical agents can block neuronal apoptosis signals or dilate cerebral vessels by modulating HSPs. HO‐1 and HSP70 are also critical topics for ICH research, which can be attributed to their involvement in pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic potential. However, the process of HO‐1 metabolism can be toxic owing to iron overload and the activation of succedent pathways, for example, the Fenton reaction and oxidative damage; the overall effect of HO‐1 in SAH and ICH tends to be protective and harmful, respectively, given the different pathophysiological changes in these two types of haemorrhagic stroke. In the present study, we focus on the current understanding of the role and therapeutic potential of HSPs involved in haemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, HSPs may be potential therapeutic targets, and new agents targeting HSPs are warranted.

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“…Ar has a full electron valence shell which avoids covalent binding with other elements; therefore, it is usually considered a nonreactive chemical gas, as known by its Greek name “αργός,” meaning “inert.”[4] Although labeled as a “biologically” inert gas, recent evidence suggest that the drug can have significant effects. Narcotic effects have been described in divers since 1939 and further confirmed by other studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complete review of preclinical and clinical uses of the noble gas argon: Evidence of safety and protection

et al. 2019

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The noble gas argon (Ar) is a “biologically” active element and has been extensively studied preclinically for its organ protection properties. This work reviews all preclinical studies employing Ar and describes the clinical uses reported in literature, analyzing 55 pertinent articles found by means of a search on PubMed and Embase. Ventilation with Ar has been tested in different models of acute disease at concentrations ranging from 20% to 80% and for durations between a few minutes up to days. Overall, lesser cell death, smaller infarct size, and better functional recovery after ischemia have been repeatedly observed. Modulation of the molecular pathways involved in cell survival, with resulting anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects, appeared as the determinant mechanism by which Ar fulfills its protective role. These beneficial effects have been reported regardless of onset and duration of Ar exposure, especially after cardiac arrest. In addition, ventilation with Ar was safe both in animals and humans. Thus, preclinical and clinical data support future clinical studies on the role of inhalatory Ar as an organ protector.

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The Molecular Pathway of Argon-Mediated Neuroprotection

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

Update of the organoprotective properties of xenon and argon: from bench to beside

Update of the organoprotective properties of xenon and argon: from bench to beside

The role and therapeutic potential of heat shock proteins in haemorrhagic stroke

A complete review of preclinical and clinical uses of the noble gas argon: Evidence of safety and protection

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