The Molecular Weight of Egg Albumin I. In Electrolyte-Free Condition

Nichols, J. B.

doi:10.1021/ja01691a008

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“…It has been stated that in the case of albumin solutions free from salts, the molecular weight is 34,000 (S0rensen, 1917;Svedberg and Nichols, 1926). In a later paper, Nichols (1930), using the centrifugal method, has obtained a value of about 34,000 for egg-albumin in the presence of salts.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our experiments, the egg-albumin was crystallised seven times, and on each occasion the crystals were separated and washed by centrifugalisation. The possibility that a globuilin is present as an impurity must be considered, since Svedberg and Nichols (1926) suggested that crystallised egg-albumin is mixed with a globulin which can be precipitated by electrodialysis.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Estimation of Proteins by the Precipitation Reaction

Taylor

Adair

1932

J. Hyg.

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1. The amount of crystallisable albumin in egg-white and the amount of total globulin in horse serum have been estimated by means of the precipitation reaction. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by other methods.2. For such estimations it appears advisable to use only antisera prepared against individual proteins.3. A description of the manufacture and the characteristics of the pure proteins used is appended.

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Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Estimation of Proteins by the Precipitation Reaction

Taylor

Adair

1932

J. Hyg.

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“…Even though in dilute gelatin solutions 7' may be significantly large when compared with 7, this increase in 7' does not come into importance in electrophoresis measurements in dilute solutions or with soft gels. Assumption 2.--Svedberg and Nichols (14) and Svedberg and SjiSgren (15) have shown that there is no significant change in r (or the equivalent radius) of egg albumin and serum albumin over the range of hydrogen ion activity in the acetate buffers to be considered. Gelatin represents a special case.…”

Section: V=qmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic Phenomena

Abramson

1932

Journal of General Physiology

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1. By combining the theories of Smoluchowski, Debye and Hückel, and Henry it is possible to state explicitly (making necessary assumptions) under what conditions the following simple rule should be valid for proteins: In solutions of the same ionic strength, the electric mobilities of the same protein at different hydrogen ion activities should be proportional to the number of hydrogen (hydroxyl) ions bound. 2. Data of Tiselius and of the writer confirm this rule for (a) egg albumin, (b) serum albumin, (c) deaminized gelatin and gelatin, and (d) casein. 3. On the basis of the confirmed theory the titration curves of certain proteins are predicted from their mobilities. 4. It is shown that when certain proteins are adsorbed by quartz the apparent dissociation constant of the adsorbed protein is practically unchanged. The mass law must also be valid at the phase boundary. 5. The facts of paragraphs (1) to (4) are discussed in connection with the mechanism of (a) protein adsorption, (b) enzyme activity, (c) immune reactions, (d) the calculation of the electric charge of cells, and (e) criteria of surface similarity.

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“…After equating the two ds and elimination of F: In the important paper from 1926 (Ref. 16) Svedberg and Nichols presented a thermodynamic derivation of the expression for molecular mass from centrifugal sedimentation equilibrium data. The resulting expression for M is of course identical with that from the kinetic derivation (Ref.…”

Section: Is)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After recrystallization ofathe ovalbumin, a component of high molecular mass (about 170 000) which had affected previous measurements was removed by electrodialysis (Ref. 16). From a series of sedimentation equilibrium measurements in electrolyte-free aqueous solution Svedberg and Nichols reported the average M-value 34 500 f 1 000 for the egg albumin, with clear evidence that the protein is monodisperse, i.e.…”

Section: Is)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Svedberg — Discoverer of the protein macromolecules

Rånby

1995

Macromolecular Symposia

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The(odor) Svedberg* (1884‐1971), Uppsala University, was the first professor of physical chemistry in Sweden. He started his research in 1904 as a colloid chemist. He prepared inorganic dispersions by electrical discharge through organic liquids, measured particle size and size distribution of colloids by diffusion and sedimentation rates and invented the ultracentrifuge for convection‐free sedimentation of colloidal particles. In 1924 Svedberg applied the ultracentrifuge for studies of haemoglobin in aqueous solution. Unexpectedly he found that the protein was not a gel of associated small molecules. It sedimented as macromolecules of uniform mass (68 000 dalton), i.e. is monodisperse. In subsequent work Svedberg found that other proteins like ovalbumin (from egg white) and haemocyanins from snails and other invertebrates also are monodisperse or contain a few uniform macromolecular components. After extensive studies of soluble protein molecules from a large number of animals and plants, Svedberg classified the species and could trace the relations for the species from the molecular mass of their protein macromolecules. Studies of soluble polysaccharides from bulbs also showed well defined macromolecules of masses that could be related to the various botanical species. Other native substances like cellulose, other wood polysaccharides and starch were found to be of high molecular mass but polydisperse. Svedberg's research in the 1920's and 1930's gave strong experimental support for Staudinger's macromolecular concept although Svedberg, at the time of his own important discoveries, was not influenced by Staudinger. Svedberg's discovery of the protein macromolecules and their uniform molecular mass initiated the macromolecular research in biochemistry.

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The Molecular Weight of Egg Albumin I. In Electrolyte-Free Condition

Cited by 50 publications

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The Estimation of Proteins by the Precipitation Reaction

The Estimation of Proteins by the Precipitation Reaction

Electrokinetic Phenomena

Svedberg — Discoverer of the protein macromolecules

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