The Monitoring of Selected Heavy Metals Content and Bioavailability in the Soil-Plant System and Its Impact on Sustainability in Agribusiness Food Chains

Abstract

This study assisted in identifying and preventing the increase in heavy metals in soil and winter wheat. Its accumulation can affect cultivated crops, quality and crop yields, and consumers’ health. Selected heavy metals were analyzed using the GTAAS method. They were undertaken on selected heavy metals content (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in arable soils at three sites in Slovakia and their accumulation in parts of cultivated winter wheat. Our study showed that the limit value of Cd in soil samples was exceeded in the monitored arable soils from 2017–2019. The average content values of Cu and Zn did not exceed the limit values, even in Pb values (except for the spring period). The analyses also showed that the heavy metals content for plants bioavailable in soil did not exceed the statutory critical values for Cd, Cu, and Zn’s average content values. However, Pb content exceeded permitted critical values. Heavy metals bioaccumulation (Zn, Cu) was within the limit values in wheat. Analyzed Cd content in wheat roots and Pb content were determined in all parts of wheat except grain. The study showed that grain from cultivated winter wheat in monitored arable soils is not a risk for consumers.

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“…The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were integrated to forecast the adsorption process in the heterogeneous mixed isotherm system. The sips model forecasts monolayer adsorption when the concentration of the solution is very high (Melánia et al, 2021). Also, the solution's attention is completely avoided and follows the Langmuir model.…”

Ziziphus Jujube Seeds derived Biomass as Cost-Effective Biosorbent for the removal of Cr6+ from Aqueous solutions: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

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