The more physical inactivity, the more agitation in dementia

Abstract

Epidemiological studies show a close relationship between physical activity and cognition. A causal relationship between physical activity and cognition has been observed in children, adolescents, older people without dementia, and in older people in a very early stage of dementia. Considering these positive effects, we argue that a decline in physical activity has a detrimental effect on cognition and behavior in patients with dementia. Merely living in a nursing home reduces the level of physical activity. The level of physical activity may even be reduced to a minimum when physical restraints are applied. The use of physical restraints coincides with stress, further aggravating the already existing neuropathology, which may increase stress and agitation even more. Exercise may reduce stress and agitation.

Effects of Physical Activity in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Dementia is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive and physical functions, and patients often present behavioral problems [1][2][3]. Cognitive functions affected by dementia typically include memory, global cognition, attention, and executive functions (EF) [4].…”

Levels of physical activity and sleep patterns among older people with dementia living in long-term care facilities: A 24-h snapshot

“…Physical inactivity and sleep disruption in LTC facilities is detrimental to residents' health [17,18] and, as such, it is important for clinicians to plan interventions and develop appropriate care approaches to address these issues. Given that technology is constantly advancing, it is necessary and timely for estimates of activity and sleep levels for this population to be provided when measured by modern wearable technology.…”

Preliminary evaluation of a measure for reliable assessment of need for constant visual observation in adults with traumatic brain injury

“…Restraint use has been associated with decreased cognitive and psychological well-being and can increase risk of serious injury ayet not positively impact fall rates. 7,8 In contrast, employing a multi-component approach to patient management resulted in reduced restraint use along with a decline in fall rate. 9 Agitated and impulsive patients are often assigned 1:1 nurse-to-patient monitoring to reduce risk.…”