The Morphological Anatomy of the Menisci of the Knee Joint in Human Fetuses

Koyuncu, Esra; Özgüner, Gülnur; Öztürk, Kenan; Bilkay, Cemil; Dursun, Ahmet; Sulak, Osman

doi:10.4274/balkanmedj.2016.0081

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The medial meniscus is mainly C-shaped, and various shapes of the medial meniscus have been reported, and morphometry of the medial meniscus is also reported [ 22 , 23 ]. Bloecker et al reported morphometric differences between the medial and lateral menisci by three-dimensional analysis using MRI [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of morphological characteristics for incomplete discoid medial meniscus with an oversized posterior segment

Araki¹,

Tsubosaka

Muratsu³

et al. 2022

J Orthop Surg Res

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Background A discoid medial meniscus is rare in comparison with a discoid lateral meniscus. We encountered a new type of incomplete discoid with an oversized posterior segment. Therefore, this study aimed to report cases of medial meniscus with an oversized posterior segment and analyze the morphological characteristics by comparing them to cases with a discoid medial meniscus and normal medial meniscus. Methods Four patients with an oversized posterior segment medial meniscus (oversize group, mean age: 25.3 ± 12.0 years) and seven patients with a discoid medial meniscus (discoid group, mean age: 34.4 ± 19.6) were identified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnosed by arthroscopic findings in our hospital. Fifty patients without medial meniscal injury were retrospectively selected as the normal group (normal group, mean age: 24.0 ± 11.3 years). The clinical symptoms were examined. The anteroposterior (AP) length of both the anterior and posterior segments, AP length ratio of the posterior segment to the AP length of the medial tibial plateau, and mediolateral (ML) width of the mid-body of the medial meniscus were also evaluated using MRI and compared among the three groups. Results All patients in the oversize group complained of medial knee pain during deep knee flexion. In sagittal MRI, posteriorly deviated indentations were also observed at the medial tibial plateau in all cases in the oversize group. There was a significant difference in the AP length of the posterior segment between the normal and oversize groups (14.3 ± 2.8 vs. 23.6 ± 2.8 mm, P < 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in the AP length of the anterior segment (9.1 ± 2.1 vs. 9.5 ± 1.9 mm, P = 0.869). The ML width of the mid-body in the normal, oversize, and discoid groups was 9.3 ± 1.8, 19.9 ± 2.6, and 25.8 ± 1.9 mm, respectively (normal vs. oversize group: P < 0.001, oversize vs discoid group: P = 0.01, normal vs. discoid group: P < 0.001). Conclusions Oversized posterior and normal anterior segments characterize this new type of incomplete discoid medial meniscus as a morphological abnormality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of morphological characteristics for incomplete discoid medial meniscus with an oversized posterior segment

Araki¹,

Tsubosaka

Muratsu³

et al. 2022

J Orthop Surg Res

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“…Discoid menisci were more common than other anomalies, including ring‐shaped LMs, double‐layered LMs, and partially duplicated LMs [1, 6, 12, 15, 35, 38]. Having fundamental embryological knowledge about menisci is critical for the diagnosis and treatment of cases containing various meniscal pathologies [16, 18, 33]. In the early stages of fetal life, both menisci develop into their typical shapes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample size was calculated as below:

n = {(t l ‐ α)}^{2} {(p ‐ q)}^{2} / S^{2},

where, tl − α : 95% confidence intervals, t value: 1.96. p is incidence of investigated event in the universe (incidence of crescenteric shape of LM was determined as 19% in study of Koyuncu et al [18]), q : 1 − p, S standard error 0.05 for 95% confidence intervals, n is sample number, n = (1.96) 2 (0.19.0.81) 2 /(0.05) 2 : 36.4 (minimum number of individuals).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological structure and variations of fetal lateral meniscus: the significance in convenient diagnosis and treatment

Kabakçı

Büyükmumcu

Akin

et al. 2019

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc

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Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate of morphometry of the lateral meniscus (LM) and determine incidence of the LM shapes. Methods This study was performed on fetal cadaver collection of Anatomy Department of Necmettin Erbakan University. Fifty human fetal cadavers (25 female, 25 male human fetal cadavers) were used in this study. Microdissection was performed. Morphometric measurements were performed. LM were classiied into four types and ive subtypes. ResultsIn this study, it was identiied that all parameters which were measured were found to be increased with gestational ages. Four morphological types and ive morphological subtypes were determined. It was found that 12% of the LM were crescent-shaped, 66% of the LM were C-shaped, 14% of the LM were incomplete-disc-shaped, 2% of the LM were discshaped, 6% of the LM were variant C-shaped. Conclusions A few studies on fetal meniscal anatomy and its development were performed. Each new study is important for having detailed anatomy and development of the fetal menisci which will have both clinical and anatomical impacts during childhood and adulthood for orthopedic surgeons and anatomists, respectively. The most important results of this study were the detailed objective analysis of the macroscopic fetal growth of LM. It was signiicantly observed that four morphological types and ive morphological subtypes of LM. The results of the present study related with both the observation of morphological development of the fetal meniscal anatomy, and its morphological variants, are important in terms of improving our knowledge, and clinical approach on the description, and the management of the symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus tears in children, adolescents, and adults. The clinical relevance of this study was that this classiication of fetal menisci could ameliorate our current understanding of the morphology of lateral meniscus in adult, further.

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“…Therefore, the study of the morphology and the morphometry of the menisci of the knee joint is invaluable in understanding meniscal anatomy, which is necessary for a clinical diagnosis and the planning of surgical procedures, including arthroscopy and meniscal transplant surgeries (5,6). Several works have already focused on morphological and morphometric examination of the knee menisci of human cadavers, or in vivo through magnetic resonance imaging (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Emerged Conclusion: Taking Advantage Of Non-invasive Imaging...mentioning

confidence: 99%

In VivoThree-dimensional Morphological Assessment of Adult Knee Menisci: A Computed Tomography-based Approach

Chiarilli¹,

Pizzi²,

Chiacchiaretta³

et al. 2022

In Vivo

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Aim: The present study aimed to examine meniscal morphology in an adult population in vivo through computed tomographic images, including research into morphological differences related to osteoarthritis, ageing and the meniscal location within the knee joint and a proposal for a supplementation of the current morphological classification. Materials and Methods: Computed tomographic images of the knee for 118 patients were retrieved from the picture archiving and communication system of our Institute and included in this retrospective study. Each meniscus was subject to manual segmentation and converted into three-dimensional surfaces. The degree of osteoarthritis was determined for both the medial and lateral compartments of the knee. Statistical analysis was performed to search for any morphological difference related to osteoarthritis, ageing or the meniscal location within the knee joint. Furthermore, additional subcategories of the current morphological classification were proposed and applied to each meniscal reconstruction. Results: We did not observe the presence of discoid or Vshaped menisci. No statistically significant difference was found related to osteoarthritis, ageing or the meniscal location within the knee joint. A prevalence of morphological subcategories indicating a symmetry of the width of the anterior and posterior horns, both with rounded shape,

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The Morphological Anatomy of the Menisci of the Knee Joint in Human Fetuses

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of morphological characteristics for incomplete discoid medial meniscus with an oversized posterior segment

Evaluation of morphological characteristics for incomplete discoid medial meniscus with an oversized posterior segment

Morphological structure and variations of fetal lateral meniscus: the significance in convenient diagnosis and treatment

In VivoThree-dimensional Morphological Assessment of Adult Knee Menisci: A Computed Tomography-based Approach

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