The morphology and relationships of the walking mud spiders of the genus Cryptothele (Araneae: Zodariidae)

Ramı́rez, Martı́n J.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Labarque, Facundo M.; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Ledford, Joel M.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Haddad, Charles R.; Griswold, Charles E.

doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2014.03.002

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Zodariids are easily distinguished by a combination of characters (see Jocqué, ) —an unambiguous synapomorphy for the family was recently discovered by Jocqué and Henrard ()—the distal dorsal rim of the leg tibia has a ball‐shaped projection, fitting in a cavity of the metatarsus. Within zodariids, we corroborate the kinship of Cryptothele with former cydrelines, and thus Cryptothelinae, as indicated by morphological data (Ramírez et al., ). Our only representative of Lachesaninae ( Lutica ) is deeply nested among zodariines, although most internal nodes have weak support.…”

Section: Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…() based on molecular evidence. One morphological synapomorphy for these three families is that the ALS have the major ampullate gland spigots placed deep within the piriform spinning field (J. Miller et al., ; Ramírez et al., ), thus providing independent corroboration of the molecular results. We find a robust and well‐supported Zodariidae comprising 27 exemplars (Fig.…”

Section: Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target‐gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling

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We present a phylogenetic analysis of spiders using a dataset of 932 spider species, representing 115 families (only the family Synaphridae is unrepresented), 700 known genera, and additional representatives of 26 unidentified or undescribed genera. Eleven genera of the orders Amblypygi, Palpigradi, Schizomida and Uropygi are included as outgroups. The dataset includes six markers from the mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) and nuclear (histone H3, 18S, 28S) genomes, and was analysed by multiple methods, including constrained analyses using a highly supported backbone tree from transcriptomic data. We recover most of the higher‐level structure of the spider tree with good support, including Mesothelae, Opisthothelae, Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae. Several of our analyses recover Hypochilidae and Filistatidae as sister groups, as suggested by previous transcriptomic analyses. The Synspermiata are robustly supported, and the families Trogloraptoridae and Caponiidae are found as sister to the Dysderoidea. Our results support the Lost Tracheae clade, including Pholcidae, Tetrablemmidae, Diguetidae, Plectreuridae and the family Pacullidae (restored status) separate from Tetrablemmidae. The Scytodoidea include Ochyroceratidae along with Sicariidae, Scytodidae, Drymusidae and Periegopidae; our results are inconclusive about the separation of these last two families. We did not recover monophyletic Austrochiloidea and Leptonetidae, but our data suggest that both groups are more closely related to the Cylindrical Gland Spigot clade rather than to Synspermiata. Palpimanoidea is not recovered by our analyses, but also not strongly contradicted. We find support for Entelegynae and Oecobioidea (Oecobiidae plus Hersiliidae), and ambiguous placement of cribellate orb‐weavers, compatible with their non‐monophyly. Nicodamoidea (Nicodamidae plus Megadictynidae) and Araneoidea composition and relationships are consistent with recent analyses. We did not obtain resolution for the titanoecoids (Titanoecidae and Phyxelididae), but the Retrolateral Tibial Apophysis clade is well supported. Penestomidae, and probably Homalonychidae, are part of Zodarioidea, although the latter family was set apart by recent transcriptomic analyses. Our data support a large group that we call the marronoid clade (including the families Amaurobiidae, Desidae, Dictynidae, Hahniidae, Stiphidiidae, Agelenidae and Toxopidae). The circumscription of most marronoid families is redefined here. Amaurobiidae include the Amaurobiinae and provisionally Macrobuninae. We transfer Malenellinae (Malenella, from Anyphaenidae), Chummidae (Chumma) (new syn.) and Tasmarubriinae (Tasmarubrius, Tasmabrochus and Teeatta, from Amphinectidae) to Macrobuninae. Cybaeidae are redefined to include Calymmaria, Cryphoeca, Ethobuella and Willisius (transferred from Hahniidae), and Blabomma and Yorima (transferred from Dictynidae). Cycloctenidae are redefined to include Orepukia (transferred from Agelenidae) and Pakeha and Paravoca (transferred from Amaurobiidae). Desidae are rede...

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Section: Relationshipssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target‐gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling

et al. 2016

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“…4, Cryptodacus trinotatus ). (B) Scanning electron microscope images comparing the spinnerets of various spider species, from Ramírez et al 2014 [48] (anterior lateral spinnerets, E, C, male, others female; A, B, Austrochilidae: Thaida pecularis ; C, Tengellidae: Tengella radiata ; D, Homalonychidae: Homalonychus theologius ; E, F, Penestomidae: Penestomus egazini ).…”

Section: Images As a Form Of Biodiversity Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Copyright and the Use of Images as Biodiversity Data

Egloff¹,

Agosti²,

Kishor³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Taxonomy is the discipline responsible for charting the world's organismic diversity, understanding ancestor/descendant relationships, and organizing all species according to a unified taxonomic classification system. Taxonomists document the attributes (characters) of organisms, with emphasis on those can be used to distinguish species from each other. Character information is compiled in the scientific literature as text, tables, and images. The information is presented according to conventions that vary among taxonomic domains; such conventions facilitate comparison among similar species, even when descriptions are published by different authors.

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“…Probably the most confusing area in the systematics of the Zodariidae is the subfamily cryptothelinae, which has been mentioned under the name cydrelinae until the genus Cryptothele L. Koch, 1872 was eventually incorporated into it (Jocqué & dippenaar-Schoeman 2007;Ramirez et al 2014). Many species had been misplaced, mainly due to the poor definition of the genera before the revision of Jocqué (1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The new spider genus Palindroma, featuring a novel synapomorphy for the Zodariidae (Araneae)

Jocqué

Henrard²

2015

EJT

916

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Abstract. The new genus Palindroma gen. nov. is described in the cryptothelinae, Zodariidae. Apart from the type species, P. morogorom gen. et sp. nov. (♂♀), the genus contains P. aleykyela gen. . The four typical representatives of the genus are characterized by the profile of the carapace with a slight dip, the absence of precoxal sclerites and the characters of the male palp with enlarged tibia, large subtegulum and tegular retrolateral knob. The genus occurs in miombo-woodland and coastal forest in east and central Africa and this peculiar distribution is discussed. A key to the males of the Palindroma species is provided. Specimens of Palindroma have a particularly well-developed tibial process fitting in a shallow metatarsal pouch on all legs in both sexes. Although less conspicuous in some derived taxa, the feature appears to be present in all representatives of the Zodariidae, but not in possible sister-group taxa and is thus an autapomorphy of the family.

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The morphology and relationships of the walking mud spiders of the genus Cryptothele (Araneae: Zodariidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target‐gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling

The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target‐gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling

Copyright and the Use of Images as Biodiversity Data

The new spider genus Palindroma, featuring a novel synapomorphy for the Zodariidae (Araneae)

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