The morphology, molecular development and ecological function of pseudonectaries on Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) petals

Liao, Hong; Fu, Xuehao; Zhao, Huiqi; Cheng, Jie; Zhang, Rui; Yao, Xu; Duan, Xiaoshan; Shan, Hongyan; Kong, Hongzhi

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15658-2

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…N. damascena, commonly known as love-in-a-mist or devil-in-the-bush, is native to the Mediterranean region and West Asia, but today is grown as an ornamental plant in temperate regions of Europe (Fico et al 2000;Jabbour et al 2015). The entomophilous flowers consist of usually blue petaloid sepals lying on lacy bracts and long-stalked petals located at the base of the stamens (Zhao et al 2011;Liao et al 2020). The seeds of N. damascena are produced in bloated capsules that partially open on the dorsal and ventral suture (Zohary 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective callus induction and plant regeneration in callus and protoplast cultures of Nigella damascena L.

Klimek-Chodacka

Kadluczka

Łukasiewicz

et al. 2020

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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In this study we report the development of effective in vitro systems for a medicinal plant Nigella damascena L. comprising: (1) callus induction, (2) somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures with subsequent plant regeneration, and (3) isolation and regeneration of callus-derived protoplasts. Callus development was achieved on 83–100% of hypocotyl and cotyledon explants, whereby Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 3 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.5 mg L−1α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; BN medium) was more advantageous than MS with kinetin and NAA (KN medium). Histological observations of calli revealed the presence of embryogenic zones from which somatic embryos developed on the hormone-free medium. Plant regeneration was observed on 76–95% of calli. A high capacity to form somatic embryos and regeneration was maintained in long-lasting cultures, i.e. even in 2 year old callus. The obtained callus was also a good source tissue for protoplast isolation. By applying a mixture of cellulase and pectolyase, the acceptable yield of viable protoplasts was achieved, especially from hypocotyl-derived callus maintained on BN medium. Protoplasts embedded in an alginate matrix and cultured in modified Kao and Michayluk media re-constructed their cell wall and re-entered mitotic divisions. About 30% of small cell aggregates formed microcalli, which, after the release from alginate, proliferated continuously on KN and BN media, irrespective of the tissue variant used as the protoplast source. Somatic embryo formation and plant regeneration were successful on hormone-free media. An effective plant regeneration system of N. damascena protoplast cultures has been developed and is being reported for the first time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective callus induction and plant regeneration in callus and protoplast cultures of Nigella damascena L.

Klimek-Chodacka

Kadluczka

Łukasiewicz

et al. 2020

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…Similarly, because ectopic expression of polarity genes can sometimes lead to regional outgrowths (Fukushima and Hasebe, 2014), we propose that the polarity genes NidaKAN1 (peaked at S7) and NidaYAB5 (peaked at S8/9) are required for the formation of pseudonectaries. Consistent with this notion, a recent study has demonstrated that knockdown of NidaYAB5 can indeed led to the complete loss of pseudonectaries (Liao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Candidate Genes Associated With Morphological Charactersmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Presumably, it was the reactivation of the KNOXI and CUC genes that led to the formation of the upper lip. Nevertheless, we still cannot exclude the possibility that expression rearrangement of adaxial/abaxial genes also contributed considerably to this process, because the abaxial gene NidaYAB5 is also expressed in the adaxial side of the upper lip (Yao et al, 2019;Liao et al, 2020). More studies are needed to elucidate the exact roles of these genes.…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying Marginal and Ventral Elaborationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This juxtaposition allows us to compare the elaborate petals with simple petals within the same flower. Fourth, almost all species of the genus are easy to collect, cultivate, and manipulate for which virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and many other technologies are applicable (Wang et al, 2015;Liao et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(NidaAGL6), and NidaSEPALLATA1 (NidaSEP1), NidaSEP2, and NidaSEP3 (Gonçalves et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015), as well as those involved in pseudonectary development, such as NidaYABBY5 (NidaYAB5; Liao et al, 2020), have been identified and functionally characterized. Genes controlling the formation of many other characters, however, remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of the Key Regulatory Genes Involved in Elaborate Petal Development and Specialized Character Formation in Nigelladamascena (Ranunculaceae)

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Plant Cell

Self Cite

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Petals can be simple or elaborate, depending on whether they have lobes, teeth, fringes, or appendages along their margins, or possess spurs, scales, or other types of modifications on their adaxial/abaxial side, or both. Elaborate petals have been recorded in 23 orders of angiosperms and are generally believed to have played key roles in the adaptive evolution of corresponding lineages. The mechanisms underlying the formation of elaborate petals, however, are largely unclear. Here, by performing extensive transcriptomic and functional studies on Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae), we explore the mechanisms underlying elaborate petal development and specialized character formation. In addition to the identification of genes and programs that are specifically/preferentially expressed in petals, we found genes and programs that are required for elaborate rather than simple petal development. By correlating the changes in gene expression with those in petal development, we identified 30 genes that are responsible for the marginal/ventral elaboration of petals and the initiation of several highly specialized morphological characters (e.g., pseudonectaries, long hairs, and short trichomes). Expression and functional analyses further confirmed that a class I homeodomain-leucine zipper family transcription factor gene, Nigella damascena LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY1 (NidaLMI1), plays important roles in the development of short trichomes and bifurcation of the lower lip. Our results not only provide the first portrait of elaborate petal development but also pave the way to understanding the mechanisms underlying lateral organ diversification in plants.

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The Functional Dilemma of Nectar Mimic Staminodes in Parnassia wightiana (Celastraceae): Attracting Pollinators and Florivorous Beetles

Wen,

Chen,

Rech

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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While floral signaling plays a central role in the reproductive success of all animal‐pollinated plants, it may also attract herbivores eager to feed on flowers. False nectaries with glossy surfaces reflecting incident light may produce signals that attract floral visitors guiding their movements to and within the flower. Whether false nectaries also attract herbivores that lower the reproductive success of natural populations requires attention. In this study, we focus on Parnassia wightiana, a subalpine species with a whorl of staminodes that act as false nectaries attracting bees, flies, and herbivorous beetles. We tested the functions of staminodes using controlled manipulative experiments under field and lab conditions. We found a significant decrease in pollinator visits, and subsequent seed set, in flowers in which we removed staminodes or staminode apices confirming the function of these organs. In our natural populations, we found that a beetle, Nonarthra variabilis (Alticinae; Chrysomelidae), chews first on staminode apices, then it eats the entire staminodes and other flower parts, but rarely feeds on ovaries. Additional experiments suggested these beetles preferred staminodes to ovaries. Our results suggest this is a case of selective florivory, in which staminodes play a dual role, attracting pollinators and herbivores at the same time causing the attractive dilemma. Although selective florivory by beetles did not directly damage fruits, it influenced plant‐pollinator interactions, decreasing reproductive success in plant populations. Our study highlights the importance of plant‐pollinator‐herbivore interactions in selecting floral traits.

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The morphology, molecular development and ecological function of pseudonectaries on Nigella damascena (Ranunculaceae) petals

Cited by 26 publications

References 62 publications

Effective callus induction and plant regeneration in callus and protoplast cultures of Nigella damascena L.

Effective callus induction and plant regeneration in callus and protoplast cultures of Nigella damascena L.

Identification of the Key Regulatory Genes Involved in Elaborate Petal Development and Specialized Character Formation in Nigelladamascena (Ranunculaceae)

The Functional Dilemma of Nectar Mimic Staminodes in Parnassia wightiana (Celastraceae): Attracting Pollinators and Florivorous Beetles

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