The morphology of the free‐living females of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Tröger, Daniel; Stark, Heiko; Beutel, Rolf G.; Pohl, Hans

doi:10.1002/jmor.21576

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Given the large number of eggs produced by female Strepsiptera (e.g., Eoxenos laboulbenei (Mengenilldae): ca. 1400 38 ; S. ovinae : ca. 29,000, unpublished data by H. Pohl & H. Stark; Stichotrema dallatorreanum (Myrmecolacidae): up to 750,000 39 ), polyandry could help females to get the necessary amount of sperm to fertilize all their eggs (sperm replenishment hypothesis).…”

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confidence: 99%

Polyandry and sperm competition in two traumatically inseminating species of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Jandausch,

Wanjura,

Escalona

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Polyandry, the practice of females mating with multiple males, is a strategy found in many insect groups. Whether it increases the likelihood of receiving beneficial genes from male partners and other potential benefits for females is controversial. Strepsiptera are generally considered monandrous, but in a few species females have been observed copulating serially with multiple males. Here we show that the offspring of a single female can have multiple fathers in two Strepsiptera species: Stylops ovinae (Stylopidae) and Xenos vesparum (Xenidae). We studied female polyandry in natural populations of these two species by analysis of polymorphic microsatellite loci. Our results showed that several fathers can be involved in both species, in some cases up to four. Mating experiments with S. ovinae have shown that the first male to mates with a given female contributes to a higher percentage of the offspring than subsequent males. In X. vesparum, however, we found no significant correlation between mating duration and offspring contribution. The prolonged copulation observed in S. ovinae may have the advantage of reducing competition with sperm from other males. Our results show that monandry may not be the general pattern of reproduction in the insect order Strepsiptera.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyandry and sperm competition in two traumatically inseminating species of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Jandausch,

Wanjura,

Escalona

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Et latet et lucet: Discoveries from the Phyletisches Museum amber and copal collection in Jena, Germany

Boudinot,

Bock,

Weingardt

et al. 2024

DEZ

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As the only direct records of the history of evolution, it is critical to determine the geological source of biota-bearing fossils. Through the application of synchrotron-radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µ-CT), Fourier-transformed infrared-spectroscopy (FT-IR), visual evaluation of ultraviolet fluorescence (UV-VS), radiocarbon dating (14C quantification), and historical sleuthing, we were able to identify and sort 161 (83 Baltic amber, 71 Copal and 7 Kauri gum pieces) individually numbered and largely mislabeled pieces of East African Defaunation resin (~145 years old) and copal (~390 years old), as well as Baltic amber (~35 million years old) from the Phyletisches Museum collection. Based on this collection, we define two new species: ‡Amphientomum knorrei Weingardt, Bock & Boudinot, sp. nov. (Psocodea: Amphientomidae, copal) and †Baltistena nigrispinata Batelka, Tröger & Bock, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Mordellidae, Baltic amber). For selected taxa, we provide systematic reviews of the fossil record, including: Amphientomidae, for which we provide a key to all species of Amphientomum, extant and extinct, and recognize the junior synonymy of Am. ectostriolatum Li, 2002 (an unjustified emendation) under Am. ectostriolate Li, 1999 (syn. nov.); the fossil ant genus †Yantaromyrmex and the clades Dorylinae, Plagiolepidini, Camponotus, Crematogaster, and Pheidole (Formicidae); the Nevrorthidae (Neuroptera); and Doliopygus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae). We synonymize Palaeoseopsis Enderlein, 1925 with Amphientomum Pictet, 1854, syn. nov. and transfer one species from Amphientomum, forming Lithoseopsis indentatum (Turner, 1975), comb. nov. To prevent the uncritical usage of unidentifiable fossils attributed to Camponotus for macroevolutionary analysis, we transfer 29 species to the form genus †Camponotites Steinbach, 1967, which we consider to be most useful as incertae sedis in the Formicinae. We treat †Ctt. ullrichi (Bachmayer, 1960), comb. nov. as unidentifiable hence invalid stat. nov. We also transfer †Ca. mengei Mayr, 1868 and its junior synonym †Ca. igneus Mayr, 1868 to a new genus, †Eocamponotus Boudinot, gen. nov., which is incertae sedis in the Camponotini. Concluding our revision of Camponotus fossils, we transfer †Ca. palaeopterus (Zhang, 1989) to Liometopum (Dolichoderinae), resulting in †L. palaeopterumcomb. nov. and the junior synonymy of †Shanwangella Zhang, 1989, syn. nov. under Liometopum Mayr, 1861. Because the type specimens of the genera †Palaeosminthurus Pierce & Gibron, 1962, stat. rev. and †Pseudocamponotus Carpenter, 1930 are unidentifiable due to poor preservation, we consider these taxa unidentifiable hence invalid stat. nov. To avoid unsupported use of the available fossils names attributed to Crematogaster for divergence dating calibration points, we transfer three species to a new collective taxon that is incertae sedis in Myrmicinae, †Incertogaster Boudinot, gen. nov., forming †In. aurora (LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015), †In. praecursor (Emery, 1891), comb. nov., and †In. primitiva (Radchenko & Dlussky, 2019), comb. nov. Finally, we transfer †Ph. cordata (Holl, 1829) back to Pheidole, and designate a neotype from our copal collection based on all available evidence. All new species plus the neotype of ‡Ph. cordata are depicted with 3D cybertypes from our µ-CT scan data. We introduce the convention of a double dagger symbol (‡) to indicate fossils in copal or Defaunation resin, as these may yet be extant. To further contextualize our results, we provide a discussion of amber history and classification, as well as the Kleinkuhren locality, to which multiple specimens were attributed. We conclude with conspecti on key biological problems and increasing potential of µ-CT for phylogenetic paleontology.

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Diversity and Biology of the Indian Strepsiptera with a Pictorial Key

Hui,

Roy,

Hazra

2023

IJE

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Strepsiptera is a monophyletic group of entomophagous, obligate endoparasites, stylopising a wide range of insect hosts belonging to 34 families of Zygentoma, Polyneoptera, Paraneoptera, and Holometabola. So far 30 species in 14 genera and six families of Strepsiptera are known from India. The zoogeographic distribution of the Indian species of Strepsiptera and their known hosts are presented. The biology of Halictophagus australensis Perkins has been explored in detail. Stylopisation of Cofana spectra Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) by H. australensis lengthens the life span of C. spectra. A pictorial key to the Indian species of Strepsiptera is presented.

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The morphology of the free‐living females of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Polyandry and sperm competition in two traumatically inseminating species of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Polyandry and sperm competition in two traumatically inseminating species of Strepsiptera (Insecta)

Et latet et lucet: Discoveries from the Phyletisches Museum amber and copal collection in Jena, Germany

Diversity and Biology of the Indian Strepsiptera with a Pictorial Key

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