The Morphology of the Pituitary Gland: A Meta-Analysis with Implications for Diagnostic Imaging

Bonczar, Michał; Wysiadecki, Grzegorz; Ostrowski, Patryk; Michalczak, Mateusz; Plutecki, Dawid; Wilk, Jakub; Michalik, Weronika; Walocha, Jerzy; Balawender, Krzysztof; Iskra, Tomasz; Lusina, Dariusz; Koziej, Mateusz; Radek, Maciej; Żytkowski, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/brainsci13010089

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…28 The second peak at 25 years post-Fontan aligns with published evidence that pituitary heights peak in the age group between 20 -29 in a normal population, however the mechanism for this is unclear. 29…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmental MRI Pituitary and Hypothalamus Volumes post Fontan: An analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry

Gee,

Yang,

Gentles

et al. 2024

Preprint

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ObjectiveShort stature, central hypothyroidism and infertility are common in those with a Fontan circulation. Given that the Fontan circulation often results in hepatic portal venous congestion, we hypothesize that the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation is also affected, contributing to subsequent hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction.MethodsMRI data from the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry (86 cases) was compared to 86 age- and sex- matched normal published controls. Total pituitary volumes (both anterior and posterior glands) were measured using a manual tracing segmentation method, and hypothalamic (and subunit) volumes using an automated segmentation tool. Measured gland volume was normalized to total brain volumes. A generalized linear model was used for statistical analysis.ResultsNormalized total pituitary volumes (nTPV) were increased in Fontan patients compared to controls (p<0.0001), due to an increase in anterior pituitary volumes (nAPV) (p<0.0001), with no difference in normalized posterior pituitary volumes (p= 0.7). Furthermore, normalized anterior and tubular hypothalamic subunit groups) were increased in Fontan patients compared to the controls (p<0.01 andp<0.0001, respectively).The time between Fontan and MRI was positively related to nTPV, nAPV and bilateral hypothalamic volumes. nTPV increased with age, and the increase in nAPV was greater in Fontan patients.ConclusionsSegmental MRI Pituitary and Hypothalamus volumes post Fontan are increased and are related to the time since Fontan procedure. These findings are consistent with venous congestion of the anterior hypothalamic-pituitary portal venous system and may explain the high frequency of endocrine dysfunction in this patient group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segmental MRI Pituitary and Hypothalamus Volumes post Fontan: An analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry

Gee,

Yang,

Gentles

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The hypophyseal fossa is the most inferior part of ST ( Figure 1 ), and it contains the hypophysis, also known as the pituitary gland (PG). The PG consists of three lobes: the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the intermediate lobe (a thin layer of cells), and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. It is one of the endocrine system’s key regulatory structures since it secretes numerous hormones that influence other endocrine glands [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of the Sella Turcica: A Meta-Analysis Based on the Results of 18,364 Patients

et al. 2023

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Background: This meta-analysis aimed to present data on the sella turcica (ST) morphology and variations. Furthermore, a detailed morphometric analysis of the ST was conducted. Methods: Major online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched through. The overall search process was conducted in three stages. Results: This meta-analysis was based on the results of 18,364 patients and demonstrates the most up-to-date and relevant data regarding the morphology of the ST in the available literature. Four classification methods of the ST shape can be distinguished, in which the most commonly occurring variants are the normal ST (55.56%), the U-shaped ST (73.58%), the circular type of ST (42.29%), and non-bridging ST (55.64%). The overall midpoint height of the ST was 6.59 mm (SE = 0.13). The overall length of the ST was 9.06 mm (SE = 0.15). The overall volume of the ST was 845.80 mm3 (SE = 288.92). Four main classification methods of ST morphology can be distinguished in the available literature. Various morphometric characteristics of the ST may be applied in clinical practice to evaluate its shape, dimensions, and normal or pathological variants.

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LH supplementation in IVF: human nature, politics, and elephants in the room

Castillo,

Quaas,

Kol

2024

J Assist Reprod Genet

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The Morphology of the Pituitary Gland: A Meta-Analysis with Implications for Diagnostic Imaging

Cited by 7 publications

References 85 publications

Segmental MRI Pituitary and Hypothalamus Volumes post Fontan: An analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry

Segmental MRI Pituitary and Hypothalamus Volumes post Fontan: An analysis of the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry

Morphology of the Sella Turcica: A Meta-Analysis Based on the Results of 18,364 Patients

LH supplementation in IVF: human nature, politics, and elephants in the room

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