The Morphology of Zinc Oxide Smoke Particles

Cowley, J. M.; Rees, A. L. G.; Spink, J. A.

doi:10.1088/0370-1301/64/8/303

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Star-like ZnO particles were previously observed using hydrothermal methods, forced hydrolysis of zinc nitrate using hexamethylenetriamine, 23 1,2-diaminoethane, 4,24 and ammonium hydroxide 25 and also by the decomposition of hydrozincite. 26 Star-like particles were also observed in ZnO smoke 27 and their morphology was studied in detail by Fuller. 28 He deduced that the ZnO particles twinned along the (112 ¯2) planes to produce these so-called fourlings.…”

Section: Methods A-star-like Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of well-defined ZnO microparticles by hydroxide ion hydrolysis of zinc saltsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM images of initial precipitate and of particles formed by Method A. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b2/b211723c/

McBride

Kelly

McCormack³

2003

J. Mater. Chem.

202

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Section: Methods A-star-like Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of well-defined ZnO microparticles by hydroxide ion hydrolysis of zinc saltsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM images of initial precipitate and of particles formed by Method A. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b2/b211723c/

McBride

Kelly

McCormack³

2003

J. Mater. Chem.

202

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“…1a-bottom). Similar elongated rel-rods arise from planar shape factors [24,25] that have been studied in surface layer diffraction experiments on bulk materials and thin-films [26][27][28]. Supplemental Section II discusses X(k) formulation and normalization prefactor [29].…”

Section: Background To Diffraction Of 2d Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stacking, strain, and twist in 2D materials quantified by 3D electron diffraction

Sung

Schnitzer

Brown

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Materials

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The field of two-dimensional (2D) materials has expanded to multilayered systems where electronic, optical, and mechanical properties change-often dramatically-with stacking order, thickness, twist, and interlayer spacing [1][2][3][4][5]. For transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), bond coordination within a single van der Waals layer changes the out-of-plane symmetry that can cause metal-insulator transitions [1,6] or emergent quantum behavior [7]. Discerning these structural order parameters is often difficult using real-space measurements, however, we show 2D materials have distinct, conspicuous three-dimensional (3D) structure in reciprocal space described by near infinite oscillating Bragg rods. Combining electron diffraction and specimen tilt we probe Bragg rods in all three dimensions to identify multilayer structure with sub-Angstrom precision across several 2D materials-including TMDs (MoS2, TaSe2, TaS2) and multilayer graphene. We demonstrate quantitative determination of key structural parameters such as surface roughness, inter-& intra-layer spacings, stacking order, and interlayer twist using a rudimentary transmission electron microscope (TEM). We accurately characterize the full interlayer stacking order of multilayer graphene (1-, 2-, 6-, 12-layers) as well the intralayer structure of MoS2 and extract a chalcogen-chalcogen layer spacing of 3.07 ± 0.11Å. Furthermore, we demonstrate quick identification of multilayer rhombohedral graphene. arXiv:1905.11354v2 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]

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“…The parallel lines joining the diffraction spots implies that considerable disorder exists in the crystal. It has been suggested (for the case of copper oxide on copper by Cowley, 1954) that such disorder may take the form of screw dislocations parallel to the axis of the needlelike crystals. The flake-like crystals were seen to consist of thin lamellae, while the multiple singlecrystal type of spot pattern indicated that considerable distortion exists in the crystal flake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and growth of beryllium oxide on single crystal of beryllium

Scott¹

1959

Acta Cryst

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The nature of the structure and growth of BeO films formed by heating single crystals of beryllium in air over a wide range of temperatures was studied in detail using electron diffraction, and electron microscopy.The epitaxial nature of the oxide formed in the temperature range 300 °C. to 400 °C. on a Be (001) cleavage face was established.In the case of electropolished (001) surfaces of beryllium, it was found that the epitaxial BeO overgrowth was less well-defined. It was suggested that this disorientation was due to the foITnation, during the electropolishing procedure, of surface elements other than (001) upon which the oxide could grow.One-degree (103)-oriented BeO was observed on (100) and (ll0) faces of Be.The oxidation rate increased with increase in temperature, resulting in a corresponding increase in the proportion of randomly-oriented BeO until, above 600 °C., only random growth was observed in the upper regions of the layer. At about 800 °C., a pronounced (001) habit of the randomlyoriented BeO crystals was developed. The diameter of the oxide crystals was estimated from the diffraction patterns to be some tens of ~ngstrSms below 300 °C., and in the order of thousands of _~ngstrSms at about 800 °C.The non-protective nature of the oxide layer formed at 600 °C. and above, is evident from the electron micrographs which showed the development of projecting needles of BeO up to 5/~ in length and several hundred .£mgstrSms in thickness. The needles possessed a ( 110> axis, and possibly grew around screw dislocations. Thin BeO flakes up to several ~ in diameter were also observed in this temperature range, the diffraction pattern indicating considerable distortion of the flake.

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The Morphology of Zinc Oxide Smoke Particles

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Growth of well-defined ZnO microparticles by hydroxide ion hydrolysis of zinc saltsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM images of initial precipitate and of particles formed by Method A. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b2/b211723c/

Growth of well-defined ZnO microparticles by hydroxide ion hydrolysis of zinc saltsElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM images of initial precipitate and of particles formed by Method A. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b2/b211723c/

Stacking, strain, and twist in 2D materials quantified by 3D electron diffraction

Structure and growth of beryllium oxide on single crystal of beryllium

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