The mortality effect of ultraviolet radiation in a translucent and in a red morph ofAcanthodiaptomus denticornis (Crustacea, Copepoda) and its possible ecological relevance

Ringelberg, J.; Keyser, A.; Flik, Ben J. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00008087

Cited by 87 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For example, MAAs were in the highest concentrations in the warmest climates and lowest in the coldest climate, indicating that other selective forces apart from temperature are more important. Although it seems evident that carotenoids have photoprotective abilities, other benefits like nutritive value have also been suggested (Ringelberg and Hallegraeff 1976). In a series of studies Hairston (1979a), however, concluded that the photoprotection hypothesis is the most probable benefit of the carotenoid deposits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary UV protective compounds in zooplankton

Hylander

Boeing

Granéli

et al. 2009

Limnology & Oceanography

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Zooplankton accumulate several groups of photoprotective compounds to shield against damaging ultraviolet radiation (UV). One of these groups, the carotenoids, makes the animals more conspicuous to visually hunting predators, whereas others, such as the mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) may not. The blend of photoprotective compounds is therefore important for the UV defense but also for the ability to escape predation through crypsis. Here we assess laboratory and field data from different latitudes to examine how UV, predation threat, and pigment availability (in food) affects the mixture of UV-protective compounds in copepods. Overall, the blend of MAAs and carotenoids was partly explained by the availability of MAAs in the food, the UV-threat, and the presence of predators. Copepods upregulated their MAA content when UV threat was increasing (i.e., if MAAs were abundant in food), and in field data this accumulation only occurred at high levels of predation threat. If MAAs were scarce, copepods instead compensated with higher carotenoid accumulation. However, when there was a high predation threat this carotenoid compensatory effect was disadvantageous, and low concentrations of both MAAs and carotenoids at high UV-threat resulted in lower reproduction. In all, these results showed that carotenoids and MAAs are complementary substances, i.e., one is high when the other is low, and copepods are, hence, able to adjust their blend of different UV-protective compounds to optimize their defenses to the threats of UV and predation. These defense systems may buffer against direct food-web interactions and help the zooplankton to survive in environments with high UV threat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary UV protective compounds in zooplankton

Hylander

Boeing

Granéli

et al. 2009

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…Because of its strong antioxidant ability, astaxanthin is believed to protect zooplankton from photo-oxidative damage caused by high-energy irradiance (Hairston 1978). This view is supported by experimental studies showing the higher survival of intensely pigmented compared to transparent individuals exposed to ultraviolet (UV) or blue light (Hairston 1978, Ringelberg et al 1984, Davenport et al 2004). Furthermore, zooplankton have been shown to respond differentially to UV exposure, with lesspigmented species descending farther from the light source than more intensely pigmented ones (Rhode et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Astaxanthin in the calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus: dynamics of esterification and vertical distribution in the German Bight, North Sea

Sommer¹,

Agurto²,

Henriksen³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Zooplankton synthesise astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment believed to protect against high-energy irradiance, from precursors in their diet. Different patterns of astaxanthin vertical distribution would be expected from the benefits of photoprotection, the costs of visual predation and the availability of food. Despite a highly resolved sampling approach (4 m depth intervals), no clear pattern of vertical distribution or correlation with chlorophyll a concentrations was found for Calanus helgolandicus astaxanthin concentrations in the German Bight. This may be attributable to photochromatic adaptation in phytoplankton, diurnal rhythms of copepod grazing and, particularly, vertical migration. A 2 × 2 factorial (light × food) experiment showed that total astaxanthin concentrations in C. helgolandicus were entirely determined by the dynamics of esterified astaxanthin. As expected, the concentrations of astaxanthin esters decreased in starved individuals in the dark, while the combined presence of food and light resulted in an increase of esterified astaxanthin. Similar levels of esterified astaxanthin were maintained in both starving individuals exposed to light and feeding individuals in the dark. The latter implies that astaxanthin esterification is per se a process independent of light, although light exposure enhances it. It is proposed that the function of astaxanthin esters is to generally improve the antioxidant protection of storage lipids, also in situations where photoprotection is not required.

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“…Melanin, which absorbs UVR directly, is mainly observed in arctic and alpine Daphnia, as well as in other cladocerans (Hessen and Sørensen 1990). Generally, pigmented species are less sensitive to solar radiation than unpigmented ones (Hairston 1976;Byron 1982;Ringelberg et al 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large variability in the concentration of mycosporine‐like amino acids among zooplankton from lakes located across an altitude gradient

Tartarotti

Laurion

Sommaruga

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

104

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Large variability in the concentration of mycosporine-like amino acids among zooplankton from lakes located across an altitude gradient Abstract-The qualitative and quantitative composition of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), a family of intracellular UV-absorbing compounds, were investigated in zooplankton from 15 lakes located in the Central Alps between 913 and 2,485 m above sea level. The lakes differed in their UV water transparency (1% attenuation depth, Z 1% , at 320 nm: 1.1-25.6 m) and maximum depth (Z max : 3-133 m), thus offering the possibility to test the influence of different UV exposure conditions of zooplankton on the concentration of MAAs. Seven distinct MAAs were detected, but shinorine (maximum absorption: 334 nm) was the predominant compound. In the copepods Cyclops abyssorum, C. abyssorum tatricus, and Acanthodiaptomus denticornis, the total MAA concentration ranged from 0.01 to 3.1% of the dry weight. In the rotifers Keratella cochlearis and Polyarthra dolichoptera, MAAs were also found; however, these compounds were undetectable in Asplanchna priodonta as well as in the cladocerans Daphnia hyalina, D. longispina, Bosmina longispina, and Chydorus sphaericus. The total concentration of MAAs in populations of Cyclops spp. and phytoplankton collected simultaneously was not associated (r 2 ϭ 0.09, P Ͼ 0.05), suggesting a different dynamic in the accumulation of these compounds. The variability in the concentration of MAAs, however, was related with the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 320 nm (r 2 ϭ 0.74, P Ͻ 0.001) and the fraction of the water column to which 1% of the surface irradiance at 320 nm (Z 1% : Z max ) penetrated (r 2 ϭ 0.86, P Ͻ 0.001). These relationships suggest that the prevailing UV exposure condition in the lakes is a major determinant of the concentration of MAAs found in zooplankton. Our data support the hypothesis that MAAs, together with other photoprotective compounds, play a major role in minimizing the damaging effects of solar UV radiation in zooplankton from transparent lakes.

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The mortality effect of ultraviolet radiation in a translucent and in a red morph ofAcanthodiaptomus denticornis (Crustacea, Copepoda) and its possible ecological relevance

Cited by 87 publications

References 8 publications

Complementary UV protective compounds in zooplankton

Complementary UV protective compounds in zooplankton

Astaxanthin in the calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus: dynamics of esterification and vertical distribution in the German Bight, North Sea

Large variability in the concentration of mycosporine‐like amino acids among zooplankton from lakes located across an altitude gradient

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