The mortality gap between urban and rural Canadians: a gendered analysis

Ostry, Aleck

doi:10.22605/rrh1286

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The present study further implies that rural residents are more prone to die due to external causes. Both crude and age-adjusted injury death rates were higher in rural areas than in urban areas and it was true for both developing and developed countries (Hu et al, 2010;Jiang et al,2011;Moshiro et al, 2005;Ostry, 2009) like Australia (Mitchell & Chong, 2010), Ireland (Boland et al, 2005), Canada (Ostry, 2009). According to Hu et al (2010), intentional suffocation, drowning, transportation incidents, and suicide not only were the major causes of deaths due to external causes but also play a key role in explaining the urban-rural disparities in fatal injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Determinants of Deaths Attributable to External Causes Among Adults in India

Sil

Dhillon

2021

Omega (Westport)

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The study aimed at finding the risk factors associated with adult mortality (15–59 years) due to external causes (accidents, suicide, poisoning, homicide, and violence). Using National Family Health Survey data-4 consisting of 1,756,867 sample, we applied a Robust Poisson Regression Model to determine the potential risk factors. Findings suggest that the highest proportion of deaths due to external causes was in the age group 20–24 years. The prevalence of these deaths was higher among older adults (age 50 years and above). The risk was more among males (Incident Rate Ratio (IRR) for females is: 0.29, p < 0.001), rural residents (IRR: 1.16, p < 0.001), exposed to mass-media (IRR: 1.08, p < 0.05), residing in female-headed households, in households having a member with higher education. This risk decreased for large families (IRR: 0.89, p < .001). A need to strengthen awareness and mentorship programs for young-adults and middle-aged people to control such avoidable deaths is recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Determinants of Deaths Attributable to External Causes Among Adults in India

Sil

Dhillon

2021

Omega (Westport)

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“…A recent study found that suicide was the second leading cause of preventable death in remote communities [ 22 ]. Other Canadian studies have reported conflicting results [ 12 – 17 , 19 – 21 , 23 ]: some found that rates of suicide [ 13 , 15 , 20 , 21 ] and self-harm [ 16 , 17 , 19 , 21 ] were higher in rural regions, while others reported no rural–urban differences [ 12 , 14 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11]. Much of the research on suicide-related outcomes and rurality in Canada has focused on suicide mortality [12][13][14][15], specific age groups [14,[16][17][18][19], or provinces/territories [15][16][17][18]20], with limited evidence on rural-urban differences in hospitalization [16,17,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-harm and rurality in Canada: an analysis of hospitalization data from 2015 to 2019

Mahinpey

Pollock

Liu

et al. 2023

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose The incidence of self-harm is an important indicator in suicide surveillance and a target outcome for suicide prevention. Self-harm rates vary by geographic location and rurality appears to be a risk factor. The objectives of this study were to estimate rates of self-harm hospitalization in Canada over a 5-year period by sex and age group, and examine relationships between self-harm and rurality. Methods Hospitalizations related to self-harm were identified in a national dataset (the Discharge Abstract Database) for all patients aged 10 years or older who were discharged from hospital between 2015 and 2019. Self-harm hospitalization rates were calculated and stratified by year, sex, age group, and level of rurality, as measured using the Index of Remoteness. A Poisson regression was fit to estimate rate ratios for the levels of rurality. Results Rates of self-harm hospitalization were higher for females than males across all levels of rurality and increased with each level for both sexes, except for among young males. The widest rural-to-urban disparities were observed for the 10–19 and 20–34-year old age groups. Females aged 10–19 in very remote areas had the highest self-harm hospitalization rate. Conclusion The rate of self-harm hospitalization in Canada varied by sex, age group, and level of rurality. Clinical and community-based interventions for self-harm, such as safety planning and increased access to mental health services, should be tailored to the differential risks across geographic contexts.

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Rural–Urban Differences in Suicide Mortality: An Observational Study in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: Différences de la Mortalité Par Suicide en Milieu Rural-Urbain: Une Étude Observationnelle à Terre-Neuve et Labrador, Canada

Reccord¹,

Power²,

Hatfield

et al. 2021

Can J Psychiatry

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Background: Suicide rates are higher in rural compared to urban areas. Although this pattern appears to be driven by higher rates among men, there is limited evidence about the characteristics of rural people who die by suicide in Canada. The objective of this study was to examine the demographics, manner of death, and social and clinical antecedents of people who died by suicide in rural areas compared to urban areas. Methods: We conducted an observational study of all suicide deaths that occurred among Newfoundland and Labrador residents between 1997 and 2016 using a linked data set derived from a comprehensive review of provincial medical examiner records. We used t tests and χ2 to assess associations between rural/urban status and variables related to demographics, circumstances, and manner of death, as well as social and medical history. Logistic regression was utilized to assess the independent contribution of any variable found to be significant in univariate analysis. Results: Rural people who died by suicide accounted for 54.8% of all deaths over a 20-year period. Overall, 81.6% of people who died were male. Compared to urban, rural people who died by suicide were younger, more likely to use firearms or hanging, and had a higher mean blood alcohol content at the time of death (27.69 vs. 22.95 mmol/L). Rural people were also less likely to have had a known history of a prior suicide attempt, psychiatric disorder, alcohol or substance abuse, or chronic pain. Discussion: The demographic and clinical differences between rural and urban people who died by suicide underscore the need for suicide prevention approaches that account for place-based differences. A key challenge for suicide prevention in rural communities is to ensure that interventions are developed and implemented in a manner that fits local contexts.

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The mortality gap between urban and rural Canadians: a gendered analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Modelling Determinants of Deaths Attributable to External Causes Among Adults in India

Modelling Determinants of Deaths Attributable to External Causes Among Adults in India

Self-harm and rurality in Canada: an analysis of hospitalization data from 2015 to 2019

Rural–Urban Differences in Suicide Mortality: An Observational Study in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada: Différences de la Mortalité Par Suicide en Milieu Rural-Urbain: Une Étude Observationnelle à Terre-Neuve et Labrador, Canada

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