The mortality in infectious inpatients with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic population

Ma, Chunxiao; Yin, Fei

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000016025

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previous observations report an increased susceptibility to infections among patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, responsible of increased morbidity and mortality [17][18][19][20]. Hyperglycemia may increase the virulence of different pathogens by enhancing bacterial replication and facilitating their attachment to epithelial cells favoring immune system dysfunction [21][22][23].…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitus and Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caring for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) statements during COVID-19 pandemia

d’Annunzio

Maffeis

Cherubini

et al. 2020

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Our study aimed to review the impact of COVID-19 pandemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus, to analyze the clinical characteristics of the infection and to propose clinical practice recommendations from the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED). Methods: A literature search was carried out in the guideline databases, Medline and Embase and in Diabetes Societies websites until May 21st, 2020 for guidelines and recommendations on type 1 diabetes mellitus management during COVID-19 pandemic. Results: COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients seems to be clinically less severe than in adults; children have so far accounted for 1-5% of diagnosed cases, with a median age of 6.7 years (1 day-15 years) and better prognosis. Clinical manifestations include mild, moderate, severe disease up to critical illness. There is currently no evidence suggesting a higher risk of COVID-19 infection in children with diabetes than unaffected peers. Besides general recommendations for pediatric patients, ISPED has proposed specific measures for patients with diabetes.

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Section: Diabetes Mellitus and Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caring for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) statements during COVID-19 pandemia

d’Annunzio

Maffeis

Cherubini

et al. 2020

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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show abstract

“…It is well known that glycemic control is important in mortality of diabetes [ 3 4 5 ]. In addition to glycemic control, another factor that influences the mortality of diabetes is infection [ 6 7 ]. Patients with diabetes have higher incidence of infectious diseases than healthy adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Awareness and Treatment for Diabetes in Influenza Vaccination Coverage of Diabetic Patients under 65 Years: A Population-Based Study

Han

et al. 2021

Diabetes Metab J

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Background: Influenza is a global public health problem causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Although vaccination is the most effective way to prevent infection, vaccination coverage is insufficient in people with chronic disease under 65 years, especially diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate influenza vaccination coverage and identify factors associated with influenza vaccination in Korean diabetic adults under 65 years. Methods: Data were obtained from 24,821 subjects in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014 to 2017). Socioeconomic, health-related, and diabetic factors were investigated for their relations with influenza vaccination in diabetic patients under 65 years using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Among 24,821 subjects, 1,185 were diabetic patients under 65 years and their influenza vaccination rate was 36.5%. Socioeconomic (older age, female gender, non-smoker, light alcohol drinker, lower educational level, and employed status), healthrelated factors (lower fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level, good self-perceived health status, more comorbidities, recent health screening, more outpatient visits, and diet therapy), and diabetic factors (more awareness and getting treated) were associated with influenza vaccination. In multivariate analysis, more awareness and getting treated for diabetes were associated with influenza vaccination in diabetic patients under 65 years (odds ratio, 1.496 and 1.413; 95% confidence interval, 1.022 to 2.188 and 1.018 to 2.054, respectively). Conclusion: Influenza vaccination rate was low in diabetic patients under 65 years, especially in those with unawareness and not getting treated for diabetes. Active screening and treatment for diabetes may be helpful to improve the influenza vaccination rate in these patients.

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“…Poorly controlled diabetes and its complications and co-morbidities are known risk factors for infectious diseases (3,4). Indeed, previous studies have shown that people with diabetes are at increased risk of common infections, severe infections and infection-related mortality (5)(6)(7). Recently, patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) infection and diabetes reportedly had a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 disease severity and associated mortality (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycaemic status, insulin resistance, and risk of infection-related mortality: a cohort study

Cheong

Chang

Kim

et al. 2023

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Background The impact of non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance on infection-related mortality risk remains unknown. We investigated the association of glycaemic status and insulin resistance with infection-related mortality in individuals with and without diabetes. Design Cohort study based on Kangbuk Samsung Health Study and national death records. Methods 666,888 Korean adults who underwent fasting blood measurements including glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin during health screening examinations were followed for up to 15.8 years. Vital status and infection-related mortality were ascertained through national death records. Variable categories were created based on established cutoffs for glucose and HbA1c levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) quintiles. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for infection-related mortality. Results During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 313 infectious disease deaths were identified. The associations of glucose and HbA1c levels with infection-related mortality were J-shaped (P for quadratic trend<0.05). The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CIs) for infection-related mortality comparing glucose levels <5, 5.6-6.9, and ≥7.0 mmol/L to 5.0-5.5 mmol/L (the reference) were 2.31 (1.47-3.64), 1.65 (1.05-2.60), and 3.41 (1.66-7.00), respectively. Among individuals without diabetes, the multivariable adjusted HR for infection-related mortality for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥75th centile versus <75th centile) was 1.55 (1.04-2.32). Conclusions Both low and high glycaemic levels and insulin resistance were independently associated with increased infection-related mortality risk, indicating a possible role of abnormal glucose metabolism in increased infection-related mortality.

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The mortality in infectious inpatients with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic population

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Caring for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) statements during COVID-19 pandemia

Caring for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (ISPED) statements during COVID-19 pandemia

Importance of Awareness and Treatment for Diabetes in Influenza Vaccination Coverage of Diabetic Patients under 65 Years: A Population-Based Study

Glycaemic status, insulin resistance, and risk of infection-related mortality: a cohort study

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