The Most Common Functional Disorders and Factors Affecting Female Pelvic Floor

Tim, Sabina; Mazur-Biały, Agnieszka

doi:10.3390/life11121397

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In addition to these situations with a breath-dependent coordinated or dyssynergic interplay between the different muscle groups, it should also be noted that some people present an increased tone and persistently concentric co-contraction of both the PFMs and the abdominal muscles not only during strenuous endurance training [ 3 , 56 ]. There is little data available on this topic, thus, the interpretation is rather hypothetical.…”

Section: Straining the Pelvic Floor During Training—the Good And The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive effects of physical activity and exercise on almost all functions of the human body are widely acknowledged. However, the scientific literature suggests that the female pelvic floor (PF) may be exempt from these benefits in many cases [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In this regard, sports and high-intensity physical activities have been subject to debate as potential risk factors for developing PF disorders, particularly in intensely physically active women [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the scientific literature suggests that the female pelvic floor (PF) may be exempt from these benefits in many cases [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. In this regard, sports and high-intensity physical activities have been subject to debate as potential risk factors for developing PF disorders, particularly in intensely physically active women [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. High intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during strenuous activities is hypothesized to stress the PF and subsequently contribute to PF dysfunction [ 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, sports and high-intensity physical activities have been subject to debate as potential risk factors for developing PF disorders, particularly in intensely physically active women [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. High intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during strenuous activities is hypothesized to stress the PF and subsequently contribute to PF dysfunction [ 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 ]. However, it remains unclear why, under similar training conditions, some women develop PF disorders and others do not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breathing, (S)Training and the Pelvic Floor—A Basic Concept

Talasz¹,

Kremser

Talasz

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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Background: The current scientific literature is inconsistent regarding the potential beneficial or deleterious effects of high-intensity physical activities on the pelvic floor (PF) in women. So far, it has not been established with certainty whether disparate breathing mechanisms may exert short- or long-term influence on the PF function in this context, although based on the established physiological interrelationship of breathing with PF activation, this seems plausible. Objective: To propose a basic concept of the influence of different breathing patterns on the PF during strenuous physical efforts. Methodical approaches: Review of the recent literature, basic knowledge of classical western medicine regarding the principles of muscle physiology and the biomechanics of breathing, additional schematic illustrations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data corroborate the proposed concept and exemplify the consequences of strenuous efforts on the PF in relation to respective breathing phases. Conclusion: The pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) physiologically act as expiratory muscles in synergy with the anterolateral abdominal muscles, contracting during expiration and relaxing during inspiration. Obviously, a strenuous physical effort requires an expiratory motor synergy with the PFM and abdominal muscles in a co-contracted status to train the PFM and protect the PF against high intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Holding breath in an inspiratory pattern during exertion stresses the PF because the high IAP impinges on the relaxed, hence insufficiently protected, PFMs. It seems conceivable that such disadvantageous breathing, if performed regularly and repeatedly, may ultimately cause PF dysfunction. At any rate, future research needs to take into account the respective breathing cycles during measurements and interventions addressing PFM function.

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Section: Straining the Pelvic Floor During Training—the Good And The ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Breathing, (S)Training and the Pelvic Floor—A Basic Concept

Talasz¹,

Kremser

Talasz

et al. 2022

Healthcare

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, pelvic floor dysfunction can affect individuals as early as high school and across the life span (14,15). The pelvic floor is important for lumbopelvic stability as well as movement mechanics and subsequent force production.…”

Section: Introduction and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Floor

Mehta

Bonzer

2022

ACSM's Health and Fitness Journal

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A feasibility study of three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging of the vagina under distension

Zhang,

Blokker,

Borazjani

et al. 2023

Medical Physics

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BackgroundThe distension properties of the vagina are critical to its function including support of surrounding organs, childbirth, and intercourse. It could be altered by many pathophysiological processes like pregnancy, radiotherapy, and reconstruction surgery. However, there are no clinically available diagnostic tools capable of quantifying the distension properties of the vagina.PurposeA proof‐of‐concept study was designed to assess the feasibility of a novel three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging technique that allows quantitative evaluation of the vagina under distension.MethodsPatients with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) were recruited for the study. An ultrathin, oversized bag was inserted into the vagina and filled with water using a modified urodynamics system. The instilled water volume and intravaginal pressure were continuously recorded. At maximum vaginal capacity, 3D transintroital ultrasound of the distended vagina and surrounding pelvic structures was performed. Exams were performed in duplicate for each patient, two hours apart (round A and round B). Following the development of a 3D surface model of the distended vagina from each scan, several measurements were obtained, including cross‐sectional area, anteroposterior (AP) length and lateral width in the plane of minimum hiatal dimensions (PMHD), AP and lateral diameter at the pubic symphysis (PS) level, maximum and minimum diameter, and maximum vertical length. To assess repeatability between measurements in two rounds, the coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for each measurement. Correlations between physical measurements including the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP‐Q) system and vaginal diameter measurements, and obtained metrics were also assessed.ResultsSixteen patients with POP (average age 69 years) completed both rounds of imaging. There was sufficient echogenicity on 3D transintroital ultrasound of the distended vaginal wall to establish boundaries for 3D surface models of the vagina. Overall, all metrics had good or excellent reliability (ICC = 0.77–0.93, p < 0.05; CV = 3%–18%) except maximum diameter, which demonstrated only moderate reliability (ICC = 0.67, p = 0.092). Strong correlations were found between physical exam measurements including D point of POP‐Q, introitus diameter and lateral diameter at apex, and maximum vaginal capacity, maximum vertical length, lateral diameter at PS, minimum diameter, and distended PMHD measurements. The results demonstrated that this system could generate 3D models of the shape of the distended vagina and provide multiple metrics that could be reliably calculated from automated analyses of the models.ConclusionsA novel system for evaluation of the distension properties of the vagina was developed and preliminary evaluation was performed. This system may represent a technique for evaluation of the biomechanical and structural properties of the vagina.

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The Most Common Functional Disorders and Factors Affecting Female Pelvic Floor

Cited by 33 publications

References 82 publications

Breathing, (S)Training and the Pelvic Floor—A Basic Concept

Breathing, (S)Training and the Pelvic Floor—A Basic Concept

Pelvic Floor

A feasibility study of three‐dimensional ultrasound imaging of the vagina under distension

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