The most difficult career: Women's history in science

Abstract

A short review of current feminist philosophy on the relationship between women and science is followed by a survey of recent work in the history of women's involvement in the sciences. The reasons for the late development of this sub-field are explained, and the most recent work in it summarized. It is emphasized that women's history in science challenges received wisdom in both the history of science as 'professionalization' and current feminist philosophy, which, it is argued, proceeds from an insufficient concern with the historical diversity and complexity of women's relations with science.

Scientific production in biodiversity: the gender gap continues in Brazilian universities

“…This may be a result of lower financial support to females research projects, and the smaller number of females in high An Acad Bras Cienc (2023) 95(Suppl. 2) e20221127 9 | 14 academic positions, when compared to males (Outram 1987, Zandonà 2022. However, females's contribution has been relevant in many areas of science, such as behavioural ecology (Lupon et al 2021).…”

Gender issues in early childhood science and technology education in Australia

“…This has been noted in both current employment participation rates (Sjoberg 1989) and the education and training of young women (Koballa 1988a,b, Silins andZarins 1987) in Australia (de Laeter et al 1989, Parker 1986, Tobin 1988) and in other countries (Kvande 1987, Carter 1987, Outram 1987, Robertson 1987.…”

Girls and science: Equality in school or society? (A case for macro and micro analysis)

“…This is most important for the topic of gender issues in science. As Outram (1987) has urged, only by producing an accurate history of women in science, can the relationship between the feminine and science in the classroom escape from its predominantly negative characterisation in the educational literature.…”