The Most Potent Natural Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Food Ingredients Isolated from Plants with Deep Eutectic Solvents

Abstract

There is growing interest in reducing the number of synthetic products or additives and replacing them with natural ones. The pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries are especially focused on natural and bioactive chemicals isolated from plants or microorganisms. The main challenge here is to develop efficient and ecological methods for their isolation. According to the strategies and rules of sustainable development and green chemistry, green solvents and environmentally friendly technologies must be used. The application of deep eutectic solvents as efficient and biodegradable solvents seems to be a promising alternative to traditional methods. They are classified as being green and ecological but, most importantly, very efficient extraction media compared to organic solvents. The aim of this review is to present the recent findings on green extraction, as well as the biological activities and the possible applications of natural plant ingredients, namely, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, and some others. This paper thoroughly reviews modern, ecological, and efficient extraction methods with the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The newest findings, as well as the factors influencing the efficiency of extraction, such as water content, and hydrogen bond donor and acceptor types, as well as the extraction systems, are also discussed. New solutions to the major problem of separating DESs from the extract and for solvent recycling are also presented.

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES): Manufacture, Characteristics, and Their Significance as Designer Solvents

“…Additionally, NADESs exhibit promise in electrochemical applications, such as energy storage devices and electrodeposition processes, owing to their ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability. The green and sustainable nature of DESs further positions them as attractive alternatives in diverse fields, including materials synthesis, separation science, and analytical chemistry [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] (Figure 4).…”

“…[6] When compared to ionic liquids (ILs) (Table 1), NADESs are easily accessible, non-toxic, biocompatible, and long-lasting, while the low vapour pressure of NADESs is advantageous to both the environment and human health. [7,8] The components combine during the crystallization phase, leading to the component acting as a single entity. The component ratio and temperature are two crucial variables in a bipartite eutectic system.…”

The Effects of Selected Extraction Methods and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents on the Recovery of Active Principles from Aralia elata var. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.) J. Wen: A Non-Targeted Metabolomics Approach

“…The corresponding instrumentation is presented in Figure 8. The workflow of vibrocavitation-assisted extraction was as follows: First, the plant material was supplemented with the NADES and transferred to the extraction cup (5). Then, the extraction cup was connected with the motor (1) via a threaded connection to ensure that both the stator and the rotor were inside the cup and were in direct contact with the plant material suspension in the NADES.…”

“…To date, NADESs have been well established in natural product chemistry. Indeed, these solvents are currently successfully applied for the extraction of different classes of biologically active plant natural products [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. They are featured with favorable biodegradability and biocompatibility, as well as low volatility, but they have high viscosity [ 2 ].…”

Optimized Extraction of Glycosylated Flavonoids from Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Agricultural Biomass Residues through Ultrasonic Pulse-Assisted Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…For this reason, quercitrin (quercetin 3- O -rhamnoside) (Q3 O -R) and cynaroside (luteolin 7- O -glucoside) (L7 O -G) were selected in this work as model flavonoids. Both Q3 O -R and L7 O -G have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities, among others. − These glycosylated flavonoids are highly appreciated in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries; hence, extracting them from agricultural by-products can become profitable, even more so if they are extracted with green technologies …”