The Motility and Aerobic Metabolism of Spermatozoa in Laboratory Animals with Special Reference to the Effects of Cold Shock and the Importance of Calcium for the Motility of Hamster Spermatozoa1

Morita, Ziro; Chang, M. C.

doi:10.1093/biolreprod/3.2.169

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Removal of free Ca2' from the capacitation medium prevented hyperactivation, confirming previous studies in the mouse [Fraser, 1977;Aonuma et al, 19801, and this may in part explain the reduced in vitro fertilisation in Ca2+-free media [Iwamatsu and Chang, 1971;Myamoto and Ishibashi, 1975;Fraser, 19771. In the present study, this was not due to poor viability of sperm cells, since nonhyperactivated motility was maintained under these conditions, confirming previous reports [Morita and Chang, 1970;Fraser, 1977, 19821, and the velocity of sperm cells was not reduced compared to Ca2+-containing controls. In substrate-free media, both Sr2+ and Mg2+ can substitute for Ca2' in maintaining an unspecified form of motility of mouse spermatozoa [Heffner et al, 1980;Heffner and Storey, 19811, but in the present study with energy substrates, Mg2+ and Ba2+ were shown to maintain nonhyperactivated motility, but only Ca2+ and Sr2' permitted hyperactivation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The onset and maintenance of hyperactivated motility of spermatozoa from the mouse

Cooper

1984

Gamete Research

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Estimates were made of the proportion of freely motile mouse spermatozoa displaying hyperactivated motility by an objective photographic method employing stroboscopic illumination under dark‐field conditions and examining displacements of the sperm head and bend angles of the sperm tail. In media known to support in vitro fertilisation hyperactivation gradually appeared reaching about 40% by 6 hr incubation, and it was not promoted by 2 mM caffeine or 0.1 mM Bt2 cAMP or washing the cells free of epididymal fluid. Raising the osmolarity of the medium to 400 mOSM with electrolytes, but not nonelectrolytes, did promote hyperactivation (60% by 2 hr) suggesting that the ionic strength of the medium was important. Hyperactivation in high ionic strength media could be prevented by removing or chelating Ca2+, or replacing Ca2+ with Ba2+ or Mg2+, when nonhyperactivated motility was maintained, but Sr2+, like Ca2+, permitted hyperactivated motility. Hyperactivation in low ionic strength medium could be promoted by the ionophore A23187, suggesting that Ca2+ movement into the cells is important. Of a range of glycolytic substrates tested supporting nonhyperactivated motility in the presence of lactate, only glucose supported hyperactivation. Addition to glucose— or Ca2+ — free, high ionic strength media after 2 hr increased hyperactivation immediately (glucose) or after a lag of 2 hr (Ca2+) suggesting that glucose acts on a Ca2+ — primed system. Removal from high ionic strength medium, chelation of Ca2+ or inhibition of glucose metabolism did not prevent hyperactivation continuing once it had been initiated, indicating different requirements for initiation and maintenance of this form of motility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The onset and maintenance of hyperactivated motility of spermatozoa from the mouse

Cooper

1984

Gamete Research

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“…Depending on the species, calcium may stimulate (Morita & Chang, 1970;Young & Nelson, 1974;Davis, 1978;Cooper, 1984), inhibit (Bredderman & Foote, 1971;McGrady et ai, 1974) or have little effect (Quinn et ai, 1970;Hyne & Garbers, 1979). Most evidence suggests that stimulation of motility by calcium is mediated through cyclic nucleotide metabolism since calcium involves a rise in sperm cAMP concentrations (Hyne & Garbers, 1979;Kopfe?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of the motility of fowl spermatozoa by calcium and cAMP

Wishart

Ashizawa²

1987

Reproduction

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Using an objective light-scattering technique, it was confirmed that washed fowl spermatozoa become immotile as the temperature is raised from 30 degrees C to the normal body temperature of 40-41 degrees C. Motility of washed spermatozoa was restored at 40 degrees C by the addition of caffeine or calcium, both stimulating motility to a maximum in a dose-dependent manner. Neither effector stimulated the motility of spermatozoa at 30 degrees C. Caffeine, but not calcium, caused an increase in sperm cAMP levels at 40 degrees C. The concentrations of calcium and cAMP in untreated spermatozoa were not significantly different in samples incubated at 30 degrees C or 40 degrees C.

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“…Whether this is true for other species will be discussed below. Morita and Chang [1970] have studied the effects of Ca2+ on the maintenance of motility of mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit spermatozoa. According to them, mouse, rat, and rabbit spermatozoa retain their initial strong motility for 4-12 hr (depending…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of extracellular calcium ions for various stages of fertilization and fertilization‐related phenomena in the hamster

1982

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Using a semi‐chemically defined medium, the requirement of extracellular Ca2+ for survival, capacitation, and acrosome reaction of spermatozoa as well as various stages of fertilization in the hamster was studied. A Ca2+‐deficient environment is unfavorable for long‐term survival of spermatozoa. Sperm capacitation may occur in Ca2+‐deficient media, but not as efficiently as in normal media. The acrosome reaction definitely requires extracellular Ca2+. Other processes or phenomena that require extracellular Ca2+ are initiation and maintenance of hyperactivated motility of spermatozoa, penetration of acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa into the zona pellucida, fusion of the spermatozoa with eggs, and the development of pronuclear eggs into two‐cell embryos. Extracellular Ca2+ is apparently unnecessary for the attachment of spermatozoa to the zona and egg surfaces, decondensation of the sperm nucleus, and the development of sperm and egg pronuclei within the egg. These results were compared with data obtained in other species such as the sea urchin, mouse, rat and guinea pig.

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The Motility and Aerobic Metabolism of Spermatozoa in Laboratory Animals with Special Reference to the Effects of Cold Shock and the Importance of Calcium for the Motility of Hamster Spermatozoa1

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

The onset and maintenance of hyperactivated motility of spermatozoa from the mouse

The onset and maintenance of hyperactivated motility of spermatozoa from the mouse

Regulation of the motility of fowl spermatozoa by calcium and cAMP

Requirement of extracellular calcium ions for various stages of fertilization and fertilization‐related phenomena in the hamster

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