“…By contrast, motivations such as fallback career (i.e., choosing teaching because one has no other option), opportunity (i.e., being offered the opportunity to become a teacher), and personal utility value (i.e., choosing teaching because of the extrinsic benefits offered by the profession) were linked to negative teaching practices. Social utility value (i.e., choosing the profession because one wants to impact youth and society) and subject interest (i.e., choosing teaching because one is interested in the subject she or he teaches) were found to be related to the adoption of both positive and negative teaching practices (Berger, Girardet, & Aprea, 2013;Berger, Girardet, Vaudroz, & Aprea, 2017;P. Richardson & Watt, 2014).…”