The Motor Cortex and Locomotion in the Cat

Armstrong, David M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-09148-5_9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is presumed to be associated with the high level of manipulative and exploratory abilities of these animals. Accordingly, it has been documented that forelimb movements are more disturbed than hindlimb movements by lesions to the motor cortex or its output pathways [45][46][47], Thus, it is hypothesized that in primates this high level of control has, to some extent, resulted in the release of the forelimb from lo comotor functions in order that it could be used for other purposes. This view is in agreement with Eidel berg et al's [37] results, in terms of greater supraspinal control of movements.…”

Section: Neurological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate Quadrupedalism: How and Why Does It Differ from That of Typical Quadrupeds?

Vilensky¹

1989

Brain Behav Evol

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Primate quadrupedalism has been reported to differ from that of typical mammals in a variety of features, the most discussed of which is footfall patterns. All prior explanations for this disparity have been based on morphological differences between primates and nonprimates. This paper questions the adequacy of the current and generally accepted explanation for these locomotor differences, which is based upon hypothesized differences in the location of the center of gravity. Additionally, it is suggested here that neurological factors rather than morphological ones primarily explain the unique attributes of primate quadrupedalism.

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Section: Neurological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate Quadrupedalism: How and Why Does It Differ from That of Typical Quadrupeds?

Vilensky¹

1989

Brain Behav Evol

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“…We invite others to join us as we examine approaches and question assumptions to study the underlying mechanisms and temporal dynamics of internal state. physiology (Figure 1 timeline; (Grillner et al 2008;Armstrong 1986;Rossignol, Dubuc, and Gossard 2006;Anderson 2016). These discoveries, among many others, have contributed to a feed-forward, top-down view in which the brain has primacy over the body.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal State: Dynamic, Interconnected Communication Loops Distributed Across Body, Brain, and Time

Kanwal

Coddington

Frazer

et al. 2021

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Internal state profoundly alters perception and behavior. For example, a starved fly may approach and consume foods that it would otherwise find undesirable. A socially engaged newt may remain engaged in the presence of a predator, whereas a solitary newt would otherwise attempt escape. Yet, the definition of internal state is fluid and ill-defined. As an interdisciplinary group of scholars spanning five career stages (from undergraduate to full professor) and six academic institutions, we have come together in an attempt to provide an operational definition of internal state that could be useful in understanding behavior and the function of nervous systems, at timescales relevant to the individual. In this Perspective, we propose to define internal state through an integrative framework centered on dynamic and interconnected communication loops in and between the body and the brain. This framework is informed by a synthesis of historical and contemporary paradigms used by neurobiologists, ethologists, physiologists, and endocrinologists. We view internal state as composed of both spatially distributed networks (body-brain communication loops), and temporally distributed mechanisms that weave together neural circuits, physiology, and behavior. Given the wide spatial and temporal scales at which internal state operates—and therefore the broad range of scales at which it could be defined—we choose to anchor our definition in the body. Here we focus on studies that highlight body-to-brain signaling; body represented in endocrine signaling, and brain represented in sensory signaling. This integrative framework of internal state potentially unites the disparate paradigms often used by scientists grappling with body-brain interactions. We invite others to join us as we examine approaches and question assumptions to study the underlying mechanisms and temporal dynamics of internal state.

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Electrotherapy and Neurology

Mason

1993

Physiotherapy

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The Motor Cortex and Locomotion in the Cat

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Primate Quadrupedalism: How and Why Does It Differ from That of Typical Quadrupeds?

Primate Quadrupedalism: How and Why Does It Differ from That of Typical Quadrupeds?

Internal State: Dynamic, Interconnected Communication Loops Distributed Across Body, Brain, and Time

Electrotherapy and Neurology

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