The Mouth Breathing Syndrome: prevalence, causes, consequences and treatments. A Literature Review

Abstract

The Mouth Breathing Syndrome (MBS) is characterized by pattern of mouth breathing (MB) or mixed breathing chronic caused by nasal obstruction or inflammatory factors, which may be present in half of the school children. The permanence of the framework affects the individual globally, and especially their stomatognathic functions, posture and quality of life, requiring multidisciplinary care. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent scientific production on the prevalence, etiologies, sequelae and treatments in MBS. The method used was a literature review through a research in the databases of LILACS, Medline and SciELO, using defined inclusion criteria. The 45 articles chosen were distributed and analyzed in groups: prevalence (1), causes (9), consequences (28) and treatments (7). This review highlighted the lack of studies on the prevalence of MB, specially in adults, besides the preponderance of studies on the consequences rather than on the analysis of its causes and treatments. It also showed the need to sensitize health professionals to the recognition of MBS, as long as a global and early intervention with these patients.A Síndrome de Respiração Bucal, (SRB) é caracterizada por um padrão de respiração bucal (RB) ou respiração crônica mista causada por obstrução nasal ou fatores inflamatórios, que podem estar presentes em metade das crianças em idade escolar. A permanência do quadro afeta o indivíduo como um todo, especialmente as suas funções estomatognáticas, a postura e a qualidade de vida, necessitando de atendimento multidisciplinar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer uma visão geral da produção científica recente sobre a prevalência, etiologia, sequelas e tratamentos em SRB. O método utilizado foi uma revisão da literatura através de uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, utilizando critérios de inclusão definidos. Os The mouth breathing syndrome: prevalence, causes, consequences and treatment Martins DLL, et al J Surg Cl Res -Vol. 5 (1) 2014:47-55 4845 artigos selecionados foram distribuídos e analisados em grupos: prevalência (1), etiologia (9), conseqüências (28) e tratamentos (7). Esta avaliação destacou a falta de estudos sobre a prevalência da RB, especialmente em adultos, além da predominância de estudos sobre as consequências e não na análise de suas causas e tratamentos. A revisão também mostrou a necessidade de sensibilizar os profissionais de saúde para o reconhecimento da SRB, para uma intervenção global e precoce com esses pacientes.Descritores: Síndrome de respiração bucal. Respiração oral. Prevalência. Etiologia. Sequelas. Tratamento.The mouth breathing syndrome: prevalence, causes, consequences and treatment Martins DLL, et al

Relative tidal volume and respiratory airflow estimation using tracheal sound and movement during sleep

“…In our study, the airflow was recorded using nasal pressure and mouth breathing was not controlled, which could reduce the accuracy of the developed models. Although the probability of mouth breathing is less than 12%–15% during sleep (Martins et al., 2014), further analyses are required to compare the accuracy of acoustic airflow estimation compared with airflow recorded with a full facemask connected to a pneumotachometer. Another limitation is that our study protocol did not include the gold‐standard assessment of respiratory effort that requires the invasive measurement of oesophageal pressure and is not usually performed in clinical sleep studies.…”

<p><strong>Tingkat pengetahuan orang tua anak usia dini mengenai kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut sebagai etiologi maloklusi</strong></p><p><strong><em>Knowledge level of preschool children’s parents regarding mouth breathing habits as etiology of malocclusion</em></strong></p>

“…Pacheco et al, 32 menyebutkan bahwa 86,3% anak yang bernapas melalui mulut tidur dengan mulut terbuka dan 68,1% anak tidur mendengkur. OSA adalah sebuah gangguan tidur akibat obstruksi saluran pernapasan yang meningkat pada anak dengan kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut, terbukti pada penelitian Martines, et al 33 bahwa 42% anak dengan kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut mengalami OSA. OSA merupakan faktor risiko sleep bruxism (SB), yaitu kelainan sistem pengunyahan dengan mengertakan gigi saat tidur.…”