The Multi-Site Adult Drug Court Evaluation: The Impact of Drug Courts: Volume 4

Rossman, Shelli B.; Rempel, Michael; Roman, John; Zweig, Janine M.; Lindquist, Christine; Green, Mia; Downey, P. Mitchell; Yahner, Jennifer; Bhati, Avinash Singh; Farole, Donald J.

doi:10.1037/e718372011-001

Cited by 47 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…In addition, most studies have found reduced recidivism through drug courts, in which, judges mandate clients to treatment, monitor how well they follow the rules of the court and impose rewards or sanctions (Wilson, Mitchell, & MacKenzie, 2006). Recent results reported from a study supported by the National Institute of Justice, the Multi-Site Adult Drug Court Evaluation ( MADCE ), showed that 83 percent of drug court offenders received at least some treatment during the initial six months although more than a third of the comparison sample also reported receiving at least some treatment (Rossman et al, 2011). Moreover, in the first six months of follow up, drug court offenders were significantly less likely than the comparison group to self-report engaging in any criminal behavior (28 percent vs. 40 percent), but the differences in re-arrest rates were not significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criminal justice outcomes after engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment

Garnick

Horgan

Acevedo

et al. 2014

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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The relationship between engagement in outpatient treatment facilities in the public sector and subsequent arrest is examined for clients in Connecticut, New York, Oklahoma and Washington. Engagement is defined as receiving another treatment service within 14 days of beginning a new episode of specialty treatment and at least two additional services within the next 30 days. Data are from 2008 and survival analysis modeling is used. Survival analyses express the effects of model covariates in terms of “hazard ratios,” which reflect a change in the likelihood of outcome because of the covariate. Engaged clients had a significantly lower hazard of any arrest than non-engaged in all four states. In NY and OK, engaged clients also had a lower hazard of arrest for substance-related crimes. In CT, NY, and OK engaged clients had a lower hazard of arrest for violent crime. Clients in facilities with higher engagement rates had a lower hazard of any arrest in NY and OK. Engaging clients in outpatient treatment is a promising approach to decrease their subsequent criminal justice involvement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criminal justice outcomes after engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment

Garnick

Horgan

Acevedo

et al. 2014

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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show abstract

“…These programs serve a limited number of people because eligibility is strongly influenced by prosecutorial decision making and adjudication. Most studies examining drug court effectiveness are conducted as program evaluations and suggest that during participation, which is coerced by mandate and juxtaposed with incarceration as the only alternative, incarceration and substance use are reduced (11,93). A systematic review of reports published through 2009 found mixed results from experimental trials testing these outcomes, noting that even though incarceration was reduced, rearrests were not (18).…”

Section: Interventions To Prevent Jail and Prison Stays By Diverting mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Opportunities to Improve the Health of People Involved in the Criminal Justice System in the United States

Freudenberg

Heller

2016

Annu. Rev. Public Health

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In the past decade, many constituencies have questioned the efficacy, cost, and unintended consequences of mass incarceration in the United States. Although substantial evidence now demonstrates that US incarceration policies have had unintended adverse health consequences, we know less about the strategies and policies that can prevent or reduce these problems for justiceinvolved individuals and how the criminal justice system (CJS) can contribute to the Healthy People 2020 national goal of eliminating inequities in health. This review examines strategies that have been used to improve the health of people at various stages of CJS involvement, including diversion from jail and prison stays into community settings, improvements to the social and physical environments within correctional facilities, provision of health and other services to inmates, assistance for people leaving correctional facilities to make the transition back to the community, and systems coordination and integration.

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“…Studies have shown that community-based treatment of offenders is effective if programs are carefully designed and properly implemented (Mitchell et al 2012; Rossman et al 2011; Belenko 2001; Belenko et al 2005; NIDA 2007; Pearson and Lipton 1999). Offenders who participate in community-based treatment either through drug courts, as a condition of probation or parole, or as part of a sentence imposed by a judge are subject to the demands of both the criminal justice system and the drug treatment system—two systems that do not always align in terms of their goals and methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From punishment to treatment: a providers’ perspective on the implementation of 2009 Rockefeller Drug Law reforms in New York

et al. 2014

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BackgroundIn 2009, New York reformed its “Rockefeller Drug Laws”, terminating mandatory imprisonment for many drug charges and expanding the availability of treatment alternatives to incarceration. The reforms occurred in an environment characterized by high incarceration rates, racial/ethnic disparities in drug convictions and incarceration rates, and expanded use of alternatives to incarceration. Early administrative data show a large impact on the criminal justice system. Few studies have considered the reforms from the providers’ perspective and none have sought to understand how providers are experiencing the reforms in their everyday practice.MethodsTo provide a providers’ perspective, we use a qualitative, case-study approach entailing in-depth interviews with drug treatment program leaders and staff in six of the leading New York City drug programs, all with extensive experience treating court-mandated clients. Our goal was to assess treatment providers’ experiences during the reforms’ first years in effect.ResultsThe providers’ reports indicate that no new administrative structures or processes have been developed to foster a changed relationship between the treatment system and the criminal justice system; that the reforms failed to establish an enhanced role for treatment providers in the courts; and that client assessment, decisions on choice of treatment modalities, and program length for mandated clients continue to be dominated by criminal justice rather than clinical concerns. The providers also report some improvements in their communications and relationships with court employees involved in court-mandated cases.ConclusionDespite some positive changes, implementation issues are potentially limiting the reforms’ ability to capitalize fully on the potential cost-savings and improvements in public health and safety that can result from the appropriate use of drug treatment as an alternative to incarceration. What appears to be occurring alongside the evolving shift from punishment to treatment under the terms of the reforms is a growing demand for treatment providers to meet the requirements of the powerful criminal justice system.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2194-7899-2-10) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The Multi-Site Adult Drug Court Evaluation: The Impact of Drug Courts: Volume 4

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Criminal justice outcomes after engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment

Criminal justice outcomes after engagement in outpatient substance abuse treatment

A Review of Opportunities to Improve the Health of People Involved in the Criminal Justice System in the United States

From punishment to treatment: a providers’ perspective on the implementation of 2009 Rockefeller Drug Law reforms in New York

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