The Multiple Infections of Porcine Diarrhea Viruses in Local Area Based on A Luminex xTAG Multiplex Detection Method

Abstract

Background Porcine viral diarrhea can cause great damage to the pig industry. However, multiple infections have contributed to the poor control of diarrhea, which has also resulted in great difficulties in determining the main pathogenic factors. Methods A Luminex xTAG multiplex detection method was developed for the detection of 11 viral diarrhea pathogens, which allows for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative detection of viral diarrhea pathogens in clinical samples. A total of 518 porcine stool specimens were collected from 9 pig herds in Shanghai, China from 2015 to 2017, and the pathogen spectrums and co-infections were analyzed. Results The minimum detection rate of the Luminex xTAG multiplex detection method was at least 10 times higher than the traditional PCR method. Of the 518 diarrhea samples, PEDV was found in 17.57% (91/518), PKoV in 40.35% (209/518), PAstV in 26.64% (138/518), PSV in 15.06% (78/518), PoSaV in 13.13% (68/518), PTV in 5.21% (27/518), PDCoV in 4.83% (25/518), PoRV in 3.28% (17/518), TGEV in 3.09% (16/518), PToV in 1.93% (10/518), and BVDV in 1.74% (9/518), respectively. Furthermore, multiple infections were commonly seen, with positive rate of 35.14%. Infection pattern of the viral diarrheal pathogens in a specific farm was changing, and different farms had the various diarrhea infection patterns. A longitudinal investigation showed that PEDV was still the key pathogen which was closely related to the death of diarrhea piglets. Other pathogens might play synergistic roles in the pathogenesis of diarrhea disease. Conclusions Here we provided a Luminex xTAG multiple detection method for viral diarrhea pathogen infection in clinical, which was more sensitive and specific than general multiplex PCR method. Furthermore, the surveillance confirmed high infection rate of PKoV, but PEDV was still the key pathogen and multiple pathogens synergistically complicated the infection status in southern China, suggesting that controlling porcine diarrhea might be more complex than previously thought. A better understanding of viruses that cause diarrhea in piglets will aid in better preventing and controlling epidemics of viral porcine diarrhea.

The Complex Co-infections of Multiple Porcine Diarrhea Viruses in Local Area Based on the Luminex xTAG Multiplex Detection Method

“…This manuscript has been released as a pre-print at https://www. researchgate.net/publication/342085863 (40).…”