The multiple roles of peroxiredoxins in tick blood feeding

Kusakisako, Kodai; Fujisaki, Kozo; Tanaka, Tetsuya

doi:10.1007/s10493-018-0273-8

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In ticks, maintenance of the redox balance is achieved through a complex antioxidant system composed mostly of enzymes (Budachetri and Karim, 2015;Kumar et al, 2016;Kusakisako et al, 2018). Included in the plethora of enzymes are the GSTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression analysis of glutathione S-transferases and ferritins during the embryogenesis of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis

Hernandez

Shimazaki

Niihara

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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In the tick life cycle, embryogenesis is the only stage of development wherein no blood meal is required. Nevertheless, even in the absence of a blood meal, which is the source of nutrients as well as the ferrous iron and heme that could cause oxidative stress in ticks, malondialdehyde (MDA) has been reported to increase during this period. Additionally, the knockdown of some oxidative stress-related molecules such as ferritin has resulted in abnormal eggs and embryonic death. Here, we investigate the gene and protein expression profiles of the identified glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and ferritins (Fers) of the tick H. longicornis during embryogenesis through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. We also confirm the lipid peroxidation and ferrous iron concentration level using a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Finally, we attempt to correlate these findings with the events occurring by establishing a staging process in H. longicornis embryos. Lipid peroxidation increased during the course of embryogenesis, as does the amount of GST proteins. On the other hand, the GST genes have high expression at the 1 st day post-oviposition, during the early stage of embryogenesis and at day 10 during the period wherein the germ band is observable. Fer gene expression also starts to increase at day 10 and peaks at day 15. In the ferritin proteins, only the secretory ferritin (Fer2) is detected and constitutively expressed during embryogenesis. Events occurring during embryogenesis, such as energy production and iron metabolism for cellular proliferation and differentiation cause oxidative stress in the embryo. To counteract oxidative stress, it is possible that the embryo may utilize oxidative stress-related molecules such as GSTs and Fer2, which could be either maternally or embryo-derived.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression analysis of glutathione S-transferases and ferritins during the embryogenesis of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis

Hernandez

Shimazaki

Niihara

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…Reports have demonstrated that the knockdown of these H 2 O 2 -scavenging enzyme genes has an inhibition effect on tick blood feeding and/or reproduction (Adamson et al, 2014;Kumar et al, 2016;Kusakisako et al, 2016a). Therefore, the antioxidant enzymes controlling the H 2 O 2 concentration in ticks can be considered to be important in tick blood feeding and reproduction (Kusakisako et al, 2018a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the gene silencing of a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) binding protein (SBP2), involved in selenoprotein synthesis, significantly diminished the transovarial transmission of R. parkeri parasites to eggs in A. maculatum ticks (Budachetri et al, 2017a). Thus, these enzymes are also important to the vector competency of ticks with regard to horizontal transmission and transovarial transmission (Kusakisako et al, 2018a;Hernandez et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these H 2 O 2 -scavenging enzymes in ticks, Prxs have been well-characterized in tick biology and in relationship to tick pathogens (Tsuji et al, 2001;Narasimhan et al, 2007;Kusakisako et al, 2016aKusakisako et al, , 2018a. Furthermore, Narasimhan et al (2007) demonstrated that one tick Prx facilitate the transmission of pathogen from ticks to their host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Peroxiredoxin From the Haemaphysalis longicornis Tick Affects Langat Virus Replication in a Hamster Cell Line

Kusakisako

Morokuma

Talactac

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Ticks are hematophagous arthropods, and their blood feeding on vertebrate hosts is essential for their development. The vertebrate blood contains high levels of free iron that can react with oxygen in ticks, resulting in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), one of the reactive oxygen species. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), H 2 O 2 -scavenging enzymes, take on an important role in the ticks' oxidative stress coping mechanism. Ticks also transmit several disease-causing pathogens, including tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), in animals and humans. Therefore, the control of ticks and tick-borne pathogens is a key issue that needs to be addressed. Infection with an arthropod-borne flavivirus is known to induce oxidative stress in insect cells. We hypothesize that vector-derived Prxs could have an effect on the infection and/or replication of flaviviruses in the hosts, since ticks Prxs are possibly transmitted from ticks to their hosts. In this study, we established stable strains of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells expressing two types of H 2 O 2 -scavenging Prxs from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (BHK-HlPrx and BHK-HlPrx2 cells). Although the infection of TBEV surrogate Langat virus (LGTV) did not induce H 2 O 2 production in normal BHK cells, the mortality rate and the virus titer of LGTV infected BHK-HlPrx cells increased. In addition, HlPrx proteins in BHK cells can facilitate LGTV replication in cells, while HlPrx2 proteins in BHK cells cannot. The results also demonstrated that this facilitation of LGTV replication by the 1-Cys Prx in the BHK cells is not by scavenging H 2 O 2 but by an unknown mechanism. In order to understand this mechanism, more studies using tick-derived cells and ticks are necessary.

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Egg Protein Compositions over Embryonic Development in Haemaphysalis hystricis Ticks

Tang,

Cheng,

Liu

2024

Animals

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Tick eggs contain a series of proteins that play important roles in egg development. A thorough characterization of egg protein expression throughout development is essential for understanding tick embryogenesis and for screening candidate molecules to develop novel interventions. In this study, eggs at four developmental stages (0, 7, 14, and 21 incubation days) were collected, and their protein extraction was profiled using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). On the first day of egg protein extraction, protein bands from day-1 eggs were re-collected and subsequently analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The dynamic changes in forty egg proteins during development were further investigated using LC-parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)/MS analysis. A total of 108 transcripts were detected in day-1 eggs. Based on protein functions and families, these transcripts were classified into eight categories: transporters, enzymes, immunity and antimicrobial proteins, proteinase inhibitors, cytoskeletal proteins, heat shock proteins, secreted proteins, and uncharacterized proteins. Identification of the protein bands revealed that nine bands predominantly consisted of vitellogenin and vitellin-A, while other notable proteins included cathepsins and Kunitz domain-containing proteins. LC-PRM/MS analysis indicated that 28 transcripts increased significantly in abundance, including 13/18 enzymes, 1/1 antimicrobial peptide, 2/2 neutrophil elastase inhibitors, 3/4 vitellogenins, 3/3 heat shock proteins, 3/3 cytoskeletal proteins, 1/1 elongation factor-1, and 1/1 uncharacterized protein. Conversely, five transcripts showed a decrease significantly, including 1/1 Kunitz domain-containing protein, 2/6 aspartic proteases, and 2/5 serpins. This research provides a comprehensive overview of egg proteins and highlights the dynamic changes in protein expression during embryonic development, which may be pivotal for understanding protein functions and selecting potential candidates for further study.

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The multiple roles of peroxiredoxins in tick blood feeding

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

Expression analysis of glutathione S-transferases and ferritins during the embryogenesis of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis

Expression analysis of glutathione S-transferases and ferritins during the embryogenesis of the tick Haemaphysalis longicornis

A Peroxiredoxin From the Haemaphysalis longicornis Tick Affects Langat Virus Replication in a Hamster Cell Line

Egg Protein Compositions over Embryonic Development in Haemaphysalis hystricis Ticks

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