The multistatic oceanographic HF radar network in Toulon

Guérin, Charles-Antoine; Dumas, Dylan; Gramoullé, Anthony; Quentin, Céline Gwenaëlle; Saillard, Marc; Molcard, Anne

doi:10.1109/radar41533.2019.171401

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The project aims to improve the coverage of monitoring networks, increase the effectiveness of risk reduction forecasting systems, enhance environmental protection services and establish interoperable data sharing. To this end, several new HFR systems have been installed and some other upgraded along the Italian and French coastlines, respectively (Guérin et al, 2019).…”

Section: Sicomar Plus (2018-2021)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal HF radars in the Mediterranean: status of operations and a framework for future development

Lorente

Aguiar

Bendoni³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Due to the semi-enclosed nature of the Mediterranean Sea, natural disasters and anthropogenic activities impose stronger pressures on its coastal ecosystems than in any other sea of the world. With the aim of responding adequately to science priorities and societal challenges, littoral waters must be effectively monitored with High-Frequency radar (HFR) systems. This land-based remote sensing technology can provide, in near real-time, fine-resolution maps of the surface circulation over broad coastal areas, along with reliable directional wave and wind information. The main goal of this work is to showcase the current status of the Mediterranean HFR network and the future roadmap for orchestrated actions. Ongoing collaborative efforts and recent progress of this regional alliance are not only described but also connected with other European initiatives and global frameworks, highlighting the advantages of this cost-effective instrument for the multi-parameter monitoring of the sea state. Coordinated endeavours between HFR operators from different multi-disciplinary institutions are mandatory to reach a mature stage at both national and regional levels, striving to: i) harmonize deployment and maintenance practices; ii) standardize data, metadata and quality control procedures; iii) centralize data management, visualization and access platforms; iv) develop practical applications of societal benefit, that can be used for strategic planning and informed decision-making in the Mediterranean marine environment. Such fit-for-purpose applications can serve for search and rescue operations, safe vessel navigation, tracking of marine pollutants, the monitoring of extreme events or the investigation of transport processes and the connectivity between offshore waters and coastal ecosystems. Finally, future prospects within the Mediterranean framework are discussed along with a wealth of socio-economic, technical and scientific challenges to be faced during the implementation of this integrated HFR regional network.

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Section: Sicomar Plus (2018-2021)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal HF radars in the Mediterranean: status of operations and a framework for future development

Lorente

Aguiar

Bendoni³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Note that the present combination of 2 TX and 2 RX leads to 3 bistatic pairs and 1 monostatic pair which can be used for the surface current vector reconstruction. We refer to [11] for a detailed account of the processing of the radar signal in the multistatic mode. Range gating is obtained by the standard frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) HFR technology.…”

Section: The Hfr In Toulonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two techniques will be analyzed and compared in the following in the context of the HFR network in Toulon. This last system has been operated for one decade in bistatic mode and is running in multistatic mode as of January 2019 ( [9,11,10]). While developing specific software for the azimuthal processing of these data in such a nonstandard configuration we discovered a novel opportunity offered by the bistatic mode: the possibility to calibrate the receiving antenna with the direct signal of the remote transmitter without resorting to any other traditional technique of calibration (typically, ship calibration).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-calibration and antenna grouping for bistatic oceanographic High-Frequency Radars

Dumas,

Guérin

2020

Preprint

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We propose two concepts for the significant improvement of surface current mapping with bistatic oceanographic High-Frequency Radars. These ameliorations pertain to the azimuthal processing of radar data with linear or quasi-linear antenna arrays. The first idea is to take advantage of the remote transmitter to perform an automatic correction of the complex gains of the receiving antennas based on the analysis of the signal received in the direct path. This direct signal can be found at the zero-Doppler and minimal range cell in the Range-Doppler representation. We term this adjustment as "self-calibration" of the receiving array, as it can be performed in real-time without any specific action from the operator. The second idea consists in applying a Direction Finding technique (instead of traditional Beam Forming) not only to the full array of antenna but also to subarrays made of a smaller number of sequential antennas, a method which we refer to as "antenna grouping". The combination of self-calibration and antenna grouping makes it possible to obtain high-resolution maps with full coverage, thereby combining the respective merits of Direction Finding and Beam Forming techniques. In addition the method is found robust to missing antennas in the array. These techniques are applied to and illustrated with the multistatic High-Frequency Radar network in Toulon.

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“…These two techniques will be analyzed and compared in the following sections in context of the HFR network in Toulon. This last system has been operated for one decade in bistatic mode and is running in multistatic mode as of January 2019 (Grosdidier et al (2014); Guérin et al (2019); Dumas et al (2020)). While developing specific software for the azimuthal processing of these data in such a nonstandard configuration we made use of a novel opportunity offered by the bistatic mode, namely a possible instantaneous calibration of the receiving antenna with the direct signal of the remote transmitter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that the present combination of 2 TX and 2 RX leads to 3 bistatic pairs and 1 monostatic pair which can be used for the surface current vector reconstruction. One can refer to (Gurgel et al 1999a) for a detailed account of the processing of the radar signal and to (Guérin et al 2019)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Signal Processing Techniques for Phased-Array Oceanographic Radars: Self-Calibration, Antenna Grouping, and Denoising

Dumas

Guérin

2023

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Original techniques are proposed for the improvement of surface current mapping with phased-array oceanographic High-Frequency Radars. The first idea, which works only in bistatic configuration, is to take advantage of a remote transmitter to perform an automatic correction of the receiving antennas based on the signal received in the direct path, an adjustment that is designated as “self-calibration”. The second idea, which applies to both mono- and bistatic systems, consists in applying a Direction Finding (DF) technique (instead of traditional Beam Forming) not only to the full antenna array but also to subarrays made of a smaller number of sequential antennas, a method which is referred to as “antenna grouping”. In doing this, the number of sources can also be varied, leading to an increased number of DF maps that can be averaged, an operation which is designated as “source stacking”. The combination of self-calibration, antenna grouping, and source stacking makes it possible to obtain high-resolution maps with increased coverage and is found robust to damaged antennas. The third improvement concerns the mitigation of noise in the antenna signal. These methods are illustrated with the multistatic High-Frequency Radar network in Toulon and their performances are assessed with drifters. The improved DF technique is found to significantly increase the accuracy of radar-based surface current when compared to the conventional Beam Forming technique.

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The multistatic oceanographic HF radar network in Toulon

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Coastal HF radars in the Mediterranean: status of operations and a framework for future development

Coastal HF radars in the Mediterranean: status of operations and a framework for future development

Self-calibration and antenna grouping for bistatic oceanographic High-Frequency Radars

New Signal Processing Techniques for Phased-Array Oceanographic Radars: Self-Calibration, Antenna Grouping, and Denoising

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