The Murein Sacculus

Litzinger, Silke; Mayer, Christoph

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-05062-6_1

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 315 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They contributed to 16.1%-22.5% of bacterial DM. These findings are in good accordance with the data of Litzinger and Mayer (2010) concerning the proportion of murein in bacterial DM. The concentration of the examined carbohydrates was significantly higher in the defaunated sheep in comparison with those faunated with a single species of ciliates, as well as with multispecies fauna.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The concentration of the examined carbohydrates was significantly higher in the defaunated sheep in comparison with those faunated with a single species of ciliates, as well as with multispecies fauna. The one of the possible explanations for this relationship could be the decrease in the proportion of Gram-positive bacteria containing much more murein than Gram-negative species (Litzinger and Mayer, 2010) due to the preferential ingestion of the former by rumen protozoa (Coleman and Hall, 1972; Ushida et al, 1987). Whitelaw et al (1972), however, did not observe selective bacteria engulfment under in vivo conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The main component of the bacterial cell wall is murein, which contributes to about 3%-10% and 20%-60% DM of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively (Litzinger and Mayer, 2010). According to Ling (1990), murein consists of polysaccharide strands (glycans) cross-linked with short peptides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The influence of single species populations of ciliates and multispecies fauna on pool size and outflow of microbial matter from the reticulo-rumen of sheep

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pool size of bacterial and protozoal matter in rumen fluid and the microbial matter passage rate to the omasum were determined in 3 sheep fed 750 g hay and 130 g ground barley every 12 h. The animals were either ciliate free or selectively faunated with Eudiplodinium maggii, Diploplastron affine, Entodinium caudatum, or natural protozoal fauna. Murein β-glycans were used as a marker to quantify the bacterial matter, whereas the dry matter content of single ciliates and their number were used to calculate protozoal matter. It was found that the total bacterial matter in the rumen fluid of ciliate-free sheep was 216 g and the pool size arriving in the duodenum, 231 g dry matter (DM). The protozoal matter varied from 24 to 71 g DM in the rumen fluid and from about 18 to 71 g DM in omasal influent. The dry matter of ciliate-associated bacteria varied from 11 to 23 g in the rumen and from over 5 to 23 g in the omasal influent. The establishment of ciliates reduced the pool size of bacterial matter by 17%-39% in the rumen and by 20%-38% in the omasal influent.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The influence of single species populations of ciliates and multispecies fauna on pool size and outflow of microbial matter from the reticulo-rumen of sheep

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bacterial cells are surrounded by a rigid peptidoglycan (PGN) structure that protects the cell membrane from rupture because of the high intracellular turgor pressure and stabilizes the bacterial cell against adverse effects of the environment (1, 2). The PGN is a wide-meshed netlike polymer composed of linear glycan strands, consisting of the amino sugars N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N -acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc), which are cross-linked by peptides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The N -Acetylmuramic Acid 6-Phosphate Phosphatase MupP Completes the Pseudomonas Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathway Leading to Intrinsic Fosfomycin Resistance

Borisova

Gisin

Mayer

2017

mBio

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial cells are encased in and stabilized by a netlike peptidoglycan (PGN) cell wall that undergoes turnover during bacterial growth. PGN turnover fragments are frequently salvaged by the cells via a pathway referred to as PGN recycling. Two different routes for the recycling of the cell wall sugar N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) have been recognized in bacteria. In Escherichia coli and related enterobacteria, as well as in most Gram-positive bacteria, MurNAc is recovered via a catabolic route requiring a MurNAc 6-phosphate etherase (MurQ in E. coli) enzyme. However, many Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas species, lack a MurQ ortholog and use an alternative, anabolic recycling route that bypasses the de novo biosynthesis of uridyldiphosphate (UDP)-MurNAc, the first committed precursor of PGN. Bacteria featuring the latter pathway become intrinsically resistant to the antibiotic fosfomycin, which targets the de novo biosynthesis of UDP-MurNAc. We report here the identification and characterization of a phosphatase enzyme, named MupP, that had been predicted to complete the anabolic recycling pathway of Pseudomonas species but has remained unknown so far. It belongs to the large haloacid dehalogenase family of phosphatases and specifically converts MurNAc 6-phosphate to MurNAc. A ΔmupP mutant of Pseudomonas putida was highly susceptible to fosfomycin, accumulated large amounts of MurNAc 6-phosphate, and showed lower levels of UDP-MurNAc than wild-type cells, altogether consistent with a role for MupP in the anabolic PGN recycling route and as a determinant of intrinsic resistance to fosfomycin.

show abstract

“…The bacterial peptidoglycan is a large, meshlike macromolecule consisting of polysaccharide chains of alternating N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) 4 links that are connected via short oligopeptide bridges (1). The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan is highly conserved and essential for bacteria, and enzymes within this synthetic pathway therefore represent attractive targets for antibacterial drug design.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure of the N-Acetylmuramic Acid α-1-Phosphate (MurNAc-α1-P) Uridylyltransferase MurU, a Minimal Sugar Nucleotidyltransferase and Potential Drug Target Enzyme in Gram-negative Pathogens

Renner-Schneck

Hinderberger

Gisin

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: N-Acetylmuramic acid ␣-1-phosphate (MurNAc-␣1-P) uridylyltransferase MurU contributes to a shortcut in Pseudomonas putida cell wall biosynthesis accounting for intrinsic fosfomycin resistance. Results: This work provides the first structural analysis of a MurNAc-␣1-P uridylyltransferase. Conclusion: MurNAc-␣1-P and UTP are coordinated at distinct sites in the active center. Significance: The presented structure represents a "minimal nucleotidyltransferase domain" and may provide structural guidelines for inhibitor design.

show abstract

The Murein Sacculus

Cited by 17 publications

References 315 publications

The influence of single species populations of ciliates and multispecies fauna on pool size and outflow of microbial matter from the reticulo-rumen of sheep

The influence of single species populations of ciliates and multispecies fauna on pool size and outflow of microbial matter from the reticulo-rumen of sheep

The N -Acetylmuramic Acid 6-Phosphate Phosphatase MupP Completes the Pseudomonas Peptidoglycan Recycling Pathway Leading to Intrinsic Fosfomycin Resistance

Crystal Structure of the N-Acetylmuramic Acid α-1-Phosphate (MurNAc-α1-P) Uridylyltransferase MurU, a Minimal Sugar Nucleotidyltransferase and Potential Drug Target Enzyme in Gram-negative Pathogens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About