The myopia boom

Dolgin, Elie

doi:10.1038/519276a

Cited by 743 publications

(558 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the presence of degraded image quality and/or hyperopic defocus the normal course of emmetropization is compromised and the eye continuous to grow in the axial dimension resulting in myopia [1]. Remarkably, the prevalence of myopia has increased in recent years, especially alarmingly in the developing economies of the East Asian area [2], making the identification of the etiology of myopia as well as the morphological and optical changes in the eye associated with myopia particularly important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional OCT based guinea pig eye model: relating morphology and optics

Pérez-Merino¹,

Velasco-Ocaña²,

Martinez-Enriquez³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Custom Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography (SOCT) provided with automatic quantification and distortion correction algorithms was used to measure the 3-D morphology in guinea pig eyes (n = 8, 30 days; n = 5, 40 days). Animals were measured awake in vivo under cyclopegia. Measurements showed low intraocular variability (<4% in corneal and anterior lens radii and <8% in the posterior lens radii, <1% interocular distances). The repeatability of the surface elevation was less than 2 µm. Surface astigmatism was the individual dominant term in all surfaces. Higher-order RMS surface elevation was largest in the posterior lens. Individual surface elevation Zernike terms correlated significantly across corneal and anterior lens surfaces. Higher-orderaberrations (except spherical aberration) were comparable with those predicted by OCTbased eye models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional OCT based guinea pig eye model: relating morphology and optics

Pérez-Merino¹,

Velasco-Ocaña²,

Martinez-Enriquez³

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…1,2 It has become an important public health issue as evidenced by the increasingly high incidence in the past few decades and by the sight-threatening pathologies associated with high myopia. 1,2 However, the pathogenesis of myopia still remains unknown; thus, there are no effective methods of preventing or curing myopia based on its pathogenesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine D1 Receptors Contribute Critically to the Apomorphine-Induced Inhibition of Form-Deprivation Myopia in Mice

Huang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To determine the roles of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) and dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) in the inhibition of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) by the nonselective dopamine agonist apomorphine (APO) in D2R-knockout (D2R-KO) and D1R-KO mice. METHODS.Retinal layer thicknesses and electroretinograms (ERGs) were analyzed in KO mice and in D2R and D1R antagonist-treated mice. D2R-KO or D1R-KO mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to form deprivation during postnatal weeks 5 to 8. Both groups were intraperitoneally injected daily with either APO (5 lg/g body weight) dissolved in 1 lg/ lL ascorbic acid or vehicle alone. Refraction, vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and axial length (AL), among other parameters, were measured prior to and at the end of the treatment period.RESULTS. The retinal layer thicknesses and ERGs in KO mice were similar to those treated with D2R and D1R antagonists. APO administration in WT mice inhibited the development of FDM by approximately 80%. FDM in D2R-KO mice was inhibited approximately 50% compared with WT mice and was further inhibited by APO to a level similar to that in APO-treated WT mice. FDM development in D1R-KO mice was similar to that in WT mice and was not affected by APO administration. The changes in VCD and AL were consistent with refraction data.CONCLUSIONS. In mice, APO-mediated FDM inhibition was abolished by D1R KO but not D2R KO. This indicates the specificity of D1Rs for the pharmacologic inhibitory effect of APO on FDM and a nonessential role of D2Rs in this process in mice.

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“…All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) 2 may be an important molecular signal in the postnatal control of eye size (9 -12). Choroidal synthesis of atRA is modulated during periods of visually induced changes in ocular growth and has pronounced effects on scleral extracellular matrix metabolism in chicks (9,12), guinea pigs (11), and marmosets (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Apolipoprotein A-I as a Retinoic Acid-binding Protein in the Eye

Summers¹,

Harper²,

Feasley

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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All-trans-retinoic acid may be an important molecular signal in the postnatal control of eye size. The goal of this study was to identify retinoic acid-binding proteins secreted by the choroid and sclera during visually guided ocular growth. Following photoaffinity labeling with all-trans-[11,12-3 H]retinoic acid, the most abundant labeled protein detected in the conditioned medium of choroid or sclera had an apparent M r of 27,000 Da. Following purification and mass spectrometry, the M r 27,000 band was identified as apolipoprotein A-I. Affinity capture of the radioactive M r 27,000 band by anti-chick apolipoprotein A-I antibodies confirmed its identity as apolipoprotein A-I. Photoaffinity labeling and fluorescence quenching experiments demonstrated that binding of retinoic acid to apolipoprotein A-I is 1) concentration-dependent, 2) selective for all-trans-retinoic acid, and 3) requires the presence of apolipoprotein A-I-associated lipids for retinoid binding. Expression of apolipoprotein A-I mRNA and protein synthesis were markedly upregulated in choroids of chick eyes during the recovery from induced myopia, and apolipoprotein A-I mRNA was significantly increased in choroids following retinoic acid treatment. Together, these data suggest that apolipoprotein A-I may participate in a regulatory feedback mechanism with retinoic acid to control the action of retinoic acid on ocular targets during postnatal ocular growth.

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The myopia boom

Cited by 743 publications

References 11 publications

Three-dimensional OCT based guinea pig eye model: relating morphology and optics

Three-dimensional OCT based guinea pig eye model: relating morphology and optics

Dopamine D1 Receptors Contribute Critically to the Apomorphine-Induced Inhibition of Form-Deprivation Myopia in Mice

Identification of Apolipoprotein A-I as a Retinoic Acid-binding Protein in the Eye

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