“…However, it was obviously inconvenient to conduct quantitative analysis (Zhang and Chen, 2000;Ifenthaler et al, 2001). So the researchers developed some new methods, such as flow-map method (Anderson and Demetrius, 1993) , the technique of "establishment by the subject" (Liu, 1994;Enger, 1996;Ruiz-Primo & Shavelson, 1997;Ruiz-Primo et al, 2001;Lavigne, 2005;Shavelson et al, 2005;Muller et al, 2008;Lindstrom & Sharma, 2011), the method of "Pathfinder Associative Networks" (Casas et al, 2011;Geeslin & Shavelson, 1975;Jonssen et al, 1993;Fenker, 1975;Preece, 1976;Wainer & Kaye, 1974), and the method with HIMATT (Ifenthaler, 2011).…”