The myth of the organicity of mental disorders.

Sanua, Victor D.

doi:10.1080/08873267.1996.9986842

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Recent refinements in techniques and methodologies have led to substantially increased knowledge of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Buckley, 1998;Weickert & Kleinman, 1998) and depression (Nemeroff, 1998), which in turn drives further investigation. Also, biological research may be promoted by pharmaceutical companies through the provision of funding (el-Guebaly & Atkinson, 1996;Sanua, 1996).…”

Section: Reasons For Differences In Research Emphasis On Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative size of the literatures for psychopathological disorders: Number of articles pertaining to DSM-iv diagnostic categories

Sprock

Herrmann

2000

J. Clin. Psychol.

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A computerized search of the 1991-1997 PsycLIT database was used to quantify the size of the literature for each of the DSM-IV mental disorders. The search included DSM-IV/IIIR diagnoses and alternative terms for the disorders to provide a complete assessment. Generally it was found that major disorders and those with neurophysiological components were investigated a great deal (there were over 10,000 articles for both major depression and schizophrenia) while there were few articles concerning rare or newly introduced disorders. Within diagnostic groups certain disorders received the preponderance of research attention. Factors related to the degree to which a mental disorder is investigated are discussed. These findings should stimulate consideration of whether clinical research is directing its efforts in a way that best promotes understanding of the nature and treatment of mental disorders.

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Section: Reasons For Differences In Research Emphasis On Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative size of the literatures for psychopathological disorders: Number of articles pertaining to DSM-iv diagnostic categories

Sprock

Herrmann

2000

J. Clin. Psychol.

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“…It includes similar optimistic outlooks for the future, but still, indicates that "despite dramatic progress in these search areas, biological markers with sufficient specificity, sensitivity, and replicability to be used in clinical evaluation have not yet been identified." (p. 162) A more detailed critical coverage of the literature has been written by Sanua (1994b). Pam (1990) in an extensive review published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, wrote the following in connection with biological psychiatry:…”

Section: American Psychiatric Press Review Of Psychiatry Which Is Pubmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fallacy of the medical model and the dangers of psychotropic drugs as a mode of treatment for mental disorders

Sanua

1996

J Primary Prevent

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With the decline of psychoanalytic thinking since the 50's and the 60's, mental disorders have been attributed to organic factors. This has been influenced by Social Darwinism, a belief in the survival of the fittest. The implication of such a philosophy is that social intervention is not the appropriate approach for the treatment of mental aberrations. The source of the problem lies within the individual. For example, schizophrenia has been attributed to brain anomalies, chemical imbalances or to the inheritance of genetic factors. To this day, in spite of the research efforts in that direction, the pursuit of these findings were proven to be illusive. Nevertheless, the search continues with a complete neglect of social factors. One problem is that writers disagreeing with this philosophy, find it difficult to publish their dissenting views. Since the source of the problem is within the individual, aberrations should be treated with drugs. However the efficacy of these drugs have not yet been confirmed and instead have been causing a lot of physical problems for patients. It is unfortunate that a number of influential clinical psychologists have adopted the medical model and are trying to obtain by legislation "prescription privileges" for psychologists. The author believes that this trend could be destructive to the profession of psychology, since it will weaken if not destroy the humanistic approach in the treatment of the mentally ill.

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“…Humanistic and other psychologists who have engaged with sociopolitical philosophy have articulated and championed structural, not simply psychological, responses to the conditions that cause emotional distress. Indeed, the focus on the life-world—a central tenet in our field—necessitates an appreciation for the structural, political, and institutional nature of the social injustices that affect well-being (Kamens, 2020; Sanua, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional corruption in psychiatric research and practice: Implications for humanistic psychology.

Cosgrove¹,

Logan²,

Herrawi³

2023

The Humanistic Psychologist

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Humanistic psychologists have made some of the earliest and most powerful critiques of the medical model. Rather than medicalize experience, the emphasis in our field is on authenticity, empathic seeing, and a relational and contextual approach to understanding emotional distress. As such, humanistic psychologists are typically cautious about the (over) use of psychotropic medications. Yet, all practicing psychologists are required to be knowledgeable about the efficacy and side effects of psychotropic medications, even if they do not have prescriptive authority. However, the prevalence of academic-industry relationships and financial conflicts of interest in psychiatry have eroded trust in the scientific literature because of inflated claims of efficacy and an underreporting of harms. Additionally, industry exerts undue influence on regulatory decisions, educational materials, and patient advocacy groups. Thus, clinicians must take extra steps to ensure they are fully educated about the risk/benefit ratio of psychotropic medications and are aware of, and can respond to, the distorting impact of commercial influence on psychiatric research and practice. In this paper, we use the normative and conceptual framework of institutional corruption to examine the economies of influence that create challenges for ethical practice. We take as our starting point the idea that enhancing the informed consent process for clients considering taking, tapering, or discontinuing psychotropic medication is a social justice issue-and one that aligns well with the core values of our field. Specific recommendations and independent (i.e., nonindustry funded) resources are provided.

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The myth of the organicity of mental disorders.

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Relative size of the literatures for psychopathological disorders: Number of articles pertaining to DSM-iv diagnostic categories

Relative size of the literatures for psychopathological disorders: Number of articles pertaining to DSM-iv diagnostic categories

The fallacy of the medical model and the dangers of psychotropic drugs as a mode of treatment for mental disorders

Institutional corruption in psychiatric research and practice: Implications for humanistic psychology.

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