The Myths and Legends of the North American Indians

Spence, Lewis

doi:10.2307/29738110

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Native Americans, although living a Stone Age existence, were the intellectual equals of the arriving Europeans, displaying wisdom and leadership, organization skills, and learning to write eloquently in European languages and to participate effectively in unfamiliar Western societies (Josephy, 1994;Spence, 1914=1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…I find little evidence that prehistoric people relied on hallucinations for making important decisions, or that they existed in a mental state similar to infants. Native Americans, although living a Stone Age existence, were the intellectual equals of the arriving Europeans, displaying wisdom and leadership, organization skills, and learning to write eloquently in European languages and to participate effectively in unfamiliar Western societies (Josephy, 1994; Spence, 1914/1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Understanding and helping people with hallucinations based on the theory of negative legacy emotions.

Breggin

2015

The Humanistic Psychologist

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This article applies the new concept of negative legacy emotions to understanding and helping people suffering with psychosis and hallucinations. The theory of negative legacy emotions proposes that guilt, shame, and anxiety result from biological evolution, specifically to inhibit human self-assertion, willfulness, and aggression in personal and family relationships. Because human beings are so violent, the species would have destroyed itself if natural selection had not favored individual humans with inhibitory or restraining emotional reactions in personal relationships. Unfortunately, negative legacy emotions are crude responses that can worsen aggression and fail to provide adequate guidelines for ethical adult living.Hallucinations share many qualities with guilt, shame, and anxiety, including a seemingly involuntary hold over individuals, making them compliant with them. Painful or disabling hallucinations are driven by guilt, shame, or anxiety. Rather than viewing hallucinations as essentially pathological or abnormal, this article examines them as a natural part of a continuum of the human creative imagination that are especially vulnerable to being overwhelmed by traumatic experiences and the resultant amplification of negative legacy emotions. These insights can help to liberate individuals from their psychotic and hallucinatory experiences to live by more rational and loving approaches.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Understanding and helping people with hallucinations based on the theory of negative legacy emotions.

Breggin

2015

The Humanistic Psychologist

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“…These offerings are to the "house spirits," by which the Chinese mean the spirits of their ancestors, who are still kindly interested in the welfare of the family. This is real ancestor-worship expressed in birds ; and Spence 12 records that "the shamans of certain tribes of Paraguay act as go-betweens between the members of their tribes and such birds as they imagine enshrine the souls of their departed relatives. "…”

Section: Sailors Fearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birds in Legend, Fable and Folklore

1924

Nature

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American eagle, 36 Ani, or Black Witch, see Jumbiebird. Anka, mythical bird, 198 Arabian mythical birds, 193, 196 Ark, messengers from the, 99 Arthur, King, becomes a raven, 163 Arvenus, legend of Lake, 78 Asbestos, a bird's skin, 195 Augury and Auspice defined, 214 Babes in the Wood, story, 116 Bennu, a sun-symbol, 195 Bestiaries described, 58 Bird-myths, origin of, 226, 253 Bird-of-Paradise, legends of, 63 Bird-superstitions rare in United States, 7 Birds, alleged hibernation of, 89 Birds as " Openers, " 240-253 Birds as pilots, 161 Birds as spirits, 10, 25, 189 Birds associated with monks and hermits, 262-271 Birds becoming gods, 18 Birds changing into other birds, 92 Birds connected with Lightning, 242-253 Birds, fabulous, explained, 202, 208, 226 Birds, lucky and unlucky, 25 Birds of Assyrian seals, 202 Birds of the Bosphorus, 16 Birds riding on bigger birds, 81 Birds transport souls, 190 Birds, variety of accounted for, 226-241 Bittern, breast-light of, 79 Blackbird, redwinged, 239 Blackbirds blackened by Raven, 229 Blackbirds once white, 233 Bluebird, mountain, 23, 240 Bluejay, legend of, 240 Bluejay visits the Devil, 166 Brahminy duck, sacred in Thibet, 18 Buffon denies song to American birds, 78 Bulbul, Persian nightingale, 48 Butcher-bird, alleged trick of, 79 Buzzard, turkey, features of,

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“…Third, what are the proper standards which should govern the whole psychiatric enterprise? It is to be hoped that the courage, the determination, and the strength will be found to meet these three challenges as successfully as Great Heart in the charming old Indian tale of the three tests (50,86).…”

Section: "Les Hommes Qui Ont Une Foi Excessive Dans Leurs Theories Oumentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Challenges

Smith

1975

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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“Les hommes qui ont une foi excessive dans leurs théories ou dans leurs idées sont non seulement mal disposés pour faire des découvertes, mail ils font aussi de très mauvaises observations … L'esprit vraiment scientifique devrait donc nous rendre modestes et bienveillants. Nous savons tous bien peu de chose en réalité, et nous sommes tous fallibles en face des difficultés immenses que nous offre l'investigation dans les phénomènes naturels. Nous n'aurions donc rien de mieux à faire que de réunir nos efforts au lieu de les diviser et de les neutraliser par les disputes personnelles.” Claude Bernard (7) “Il n'y a point de doctrine plus propre à l'homme que celle là: qui l'instruit de sa double capacité de recevoir et de perdre la grâce, à cause du double péril où il est toujours exposé de désespoir ou d'orgueil.” B. Pascal (63)

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The Myths and Legends of the North American Indians

Cited by 3 publications

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Understanding and helping people with hallucinations based on the theory of negative legacy emotions.

Understanding and helping people with hallucinations based on the theory of negative legacy emotions.

Birds in Legend, Fable and Folklore

Three Challenges

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