The nano-forms of carbon

Delgado, Juan Luis; Herranz, M. Ángeles; Martín, Nazario

doi:10.1039/b717218d

Cited by 235 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…A large number of ordered carbon structures have been envisaged by combining carbon atoms in different hybridization states to form a large diversity of geometries [4,35]. Some of them have been synthesized, while others have only been theoretically predicted.…”

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their high aspect ratio they are considered one-dimensional (diameters are of a couple of nanometers while lengths can be up to a few millimeters). Extensive research dedicated to carbon nanotubes and their functionalization has lead to a great number of applications in fields such as electronics, health care and environmental science [4,[33][34][35].…”

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this discovery, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1996. Up to date, 2.2 Carbon-based thin films 11 different types of fullerenes have been discovered and considered for applications that can go from clean energy production to drug delivery [4,[34][35][36].…”

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured carbon-based thin films : prediction and design

Goyenola¹

2015

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Carbon-based thin films are a vast group of materials of great technological importance. Thanks to the different bonding options for carbon, a large variety of structures (from amorphous to nanostructured) can be achieved in the process of film synthesis. The structural diversity increases even more if carbon is combined with relatively small quantities of atoms of other elements. This results in a set of materials with many different interesting properties for a wide range of technological applications.This doctoral thesis is about nanostructured carbon-based thin films. In particular, the focus is set on theoretical modeling, prediction of structural features and design of sulfocarbide (CS x ) and carbon fluoride (CF x ) thin films.The theoretical approach follows the synthetic growth concept (SGC) which is based on the density functional theory. The SGC departure point is the fact that the nanostructured films of interest can be modeled as assemblies of low dimensional units (e.g., finite graphene-like model systems), similarly to modeling graphite as stacks of graphene sheets. Moreover, the SGC includes a description of the groups of atoms that act as building blocks (i.e., precursor species) during film deposition, as well as their interaction with the growing film.This thesis consists of two main parts: Prediction: In this work, I show that nanostructured CS x thin films can be expected for sulfur contents up to 20 atomic % with structural characteristics that go from graphite-like to fullerene-like (FL). In the case of CF x thin films, I found that a diversity of structures can be formed depending on the fluorine concentration. Short-range ordered structures, such as FL structure, can be expected for low concentrations (up to 5 atomic %). For increasing fluorine concentration, diamond-like and polymeric structures should predominate. As a special case, I also studied the ternary system CS x F y . The calculations show that CS x F y thin films with nanostructured features should be possible to synthesize at low sulfur and fluorine ([S + F] < 10 at.%) concentrations and the structural characteristics can be described and explained in terms of the binaries CS x and CF x .Design: The carbon-based thin films predicted in this thesis were synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering. My modeling results regarding structure, composition, and analysis of precursor species (availability and role during deposition process) were successfully combined with the experimental techniques in the quest for thin films with desired structural features. They were used as guidance for the depositions and to understand the properties of the resulting thin films. v vi Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningMaterialvetenskapär ett stort tvärvetenskapligt forskningsfält som handlar om att upptäcka och konstruera nya material såväl som att förbättra befintliga. Allting vi använder i vårt dagliga liv, från kläder till tekniska apparater,är skapat för att tillgodose vissa krav ochär ett resultat av att många människor har invester...

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Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured carbon-based thin films : prediction and design

Goyenola¹

2015

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“…Mimicking natural photophysical processes, improvement of electron transfer efficiency through chemical modification of a variety of compounds is an attractive area of research. Inspired by natural photosynthetic reaction centers, which contain chlorophyll dyes as electron donors and quinones as electron acceptors, the three-dimensional (3D) electron-accepting fullerenes in combination with porphyrins are undoubtedly among the most popular artificial building blocks; they have been used for electron transfer studies in supramolecular systems owing to their rich electron transfer processes and distinguishing electronic properties [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigm shift from self-assembly to commanded assembly of functional materials: recent examples in porphyrin/fullerene supramolecular systems

Ishihara

et al. 2012

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Current nanotechnology based on top-down nanofabrication may encounter a variety of drawbacks in the near future so that development of alternative methods, including the so-called bottom-up approach, has attracted considerable attention. However, the bottom-up strategy, which often relies on spontaneous self-assembly, might be inefficient in the development of the requisite functional materials and systems. Therefore, assembly processes controlled by external stimuli might be a plausible strategy for the development of bottom-up nanotechnology. In this review, we demonstrate a paradigm shift from self-assembly to commanded assembly by describing several examples of assemblies of typical functional molecules, i.e. porphyrins and fullerenes. In the first section, we describe recent progress in the design and study of self-assembled and co-assembled supramolecular architectures of porphyrins and fullerenes. Then, we show examples of assembly induced by external stimuli. We emphasize the paradigm shift from self-assembly to commanded assembly by describing the recently developed electrochemical-coupling layer-by-layer (ECC-LbL) methodology.

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“…), nano-onions, nanohorns, nanobuds, spheres or graphene, among others. 2 The interest in different synthetic carbon allotropes relies on their outstanding properties and applications, as recently highlighted by the ubiquitous graphene. Among this family, spherical carbon structures like C 60 , or carbon nano-onions have attracted increasing attention in the last few years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD synthesis of carbon spheres using NiFe-LDHs as catalytic precursors: structural, electrochemical and magnetoresistive properties

et al. 2016

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The gram-scale synthesis of carbon spheres with a diameter of ca. 740 nm has been achieved by means of a chemical vapour deposition method using NiFe-layered double hydroxides as a solid catalytic precursor. The presence of the catalyst (FeNi 3 ) allows controlling the final size distribution, resulting in a monodisperse sample. Their structural properties exhibited a high degree of graphitization according to their I D /I G ratio. In addition, their morphological features were unveiled by FIB-SEM and HRTEM, showing that they are formed by solid inner cores, and presenting labile chain-like structures due to accretion procedures. The solution and posterior sonication of the samples in toluene gave rise to the well-defined isolated spheres. The textural and electrochemical properties of the spheres have been tested showing non-mesoporous structures with a good behaviour as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to the presence of redox functionalities on their surface. Finally, magneto-transport measurements have been carried out, demonstrating semiconductor behaviour, as well as a positive magnetoresistance effect (ca. 72%) for the lowest studied temperature (2 K).

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The nano-forms of carbon

Cited by 235 publications

References 90 publications

Nanostructured carbon-based thin films : prediction and design

Nanostructured carbon-based thin films : prediction and design

Paradigm shift from self-assembly to commanded assembly of functional materials: recent examples in porphyrin/fullerene supramolecular systems

CVD synthesis of carbon spheres using NiFe-LDHs as catalytic precursors: structural, electrochemical and magnetoresistive properties

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