The nano‐mechanics and magnetic properties of high moment synthetic antiferromagnetic particles

Abstract

Phone: þ44 (0) 1509 228208With nanomagnets increasingly being used and proposed as functional units for in vivo applications, it is vital to understand how to optimize their structure, geometry, and size, and their responses to electromagnetic stimulation. Herein, we predicate how to do so for synthetic antiferromagnetic structures that are subjected to external magnetic control. Because the structures are on the scale of biological entities, interactions with cells and molecular constituents can be extreme and careful design must be undertaken to avoid detrimental effects. Thus, the magnetic responses of multilayers, as demonstrated in experiments by Koh et al. [e.g., Hu et al., Adv. Mater. 20, 1479 and Koh et al., J. Appl. Phys. 107, 09B522 (2010)], are understood using a fully dynamical investigation based on LandauLifshitz-Gilbert equations. We find that during the fabrication of the structures the axial positions of the nanomagnets become offset from each other, leading to the characteristic magnetic hysteresis shapes witnessed. We then find the magnetic nanomechanical forces generated by such structures.The conical synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoparticles with two magnetic layers -Left: the magnetic flux density is shown on the surface of the structure in a magnetic flux density of B ¼ 0.08 T. Middle and right: orientations of the magnetic moments of the two magnetic layers.

Designing magnetic superlattices that are composed of single domain nanomagnets

“…Eq. 6 is expanded as in [22] to find the evolution of the magnetization angles in each nanomagnet. A resulting dimensionless form is found by dividing by M s 2 and writing time as t = τ/γ M s .…”

Self-assembled multi-ring formations of glutamine and a possible link to erythema gyratum repens

“…It is also important for the development of new drugs or technologies that are designed for exploiting signal transduction theory [27,46,47] to better understand the transport of glutamine inside the body and how it can lead to adverse bio-responses when the concentration becomes too high or low because it may be a tool against cancer. In the biofunctionalisation of nanoparticles that target cancer, surface coatings are essential to maximise their efficacy and to even reduce their cytotoxicity in some cases [48].…”

“…Understanding the altered metabolism of cancer and the development of an effective coupling between organs with the movement of glutamine throughout the body may be of benefit to create a decrease in resistance to apoptosis. Ko et al have shown very clearly that gln affects cells differentially in the micro-environment of the tumour, with decreased autophagy for the epithelial cells and the opposite in the stromal compartment [25] -gln uptake and release seems to be energetically efficient in cancer cell proliferation, which in turn can lead to new mechanical stresses on the micro-environment [26,27].…”

A Short Communication: ‘Hasret’s Theory’; Quantum Observation Caused by the Filling of a Helium-3 Electron Hole in an INVIZICLOUD© via a ‘Celalettin-Field Quantum Observation Tunnel’

“…It is still not conclusive what causes 'quantum observation' and subsequently 'quantum decoherence' after the particle in a superposition is sampled through the filling of an electron hole. However the filling of an electron hole is a form of interaction so therefore an electron hole produced via a photon/Helium-3 collision causing a hole results is quantum decoherence due to the fact is a form of interaction (Forrester and Kusmartsev, 2014;Fukushima, 2015).…”